World War II Through the 1970’s

In this paper I will go into details explains two major historical turning points that occurred during the period of World War II through the 1970’s, and the effect it had on today’s society, economy, politics and culture. In this paper I will also give two reasons why in the late 30’s Americans wanted to remain out of the European conflict.In this paper I will talk about the role women played to helped win World War II, will describes two civil rights breakthroughs, explain two ways the Vietnam War brought political awareness to a new generation of young Americans and I will talk about two programs that president Lyndon Johnson Great Society Agenda had put into effect and that are still into effect today. A turning point was in 1962, the world experienced a threat so real, so dangerous, and so deadly; that any believed Armageddon was approaching. The Cuban Missile Crisis was undoubtedly the closest the world has come to nuclear war in its entire existence.The pr esence of Soviet nuclear warheads on Cuban soil, less than 100 miles from the coast of Florida shocked the world. The discovery of the missiles was completely unexpected; the public's reaction was not. Thousands of people stockpiled food, students were trained to survive nuclear holocaust and civilians built bomb shelters in their back yards. It was the most shocking event of the 20th Century. The second turning point was the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom on August 27, 1963 where Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King delivered his I Have A dream speech on the steps on the Lincoln Memorial.Two Historical Points There are many major historical points during this period of time such as Pearl Harbor, Integrating in Baseball, the murder of Emmett Till, Brown v. Board of Education, Civil Rights Movement, Black Power Movement, Chicano Movement, the assassination of President Kennedy, Malcolm X, Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr, and Robert Kennedy, Vietnam War and the Watergate scandal. In m y opinion all of these events had effect on today’s society. One of the historical points is bombing of Pearl Harbor on December 4, 1941. A Japanese bomber attacked the United States pacific fleet.This attacked killed 2,403 Americans at the same time Japan also attacked American positions in the Philippines, Guam, and Midway Islands as well as Hong Kong and Malaysia. President Roosevelt declared that December 7th would become a date which will live in infamy. On December 8, 1941 declared war and on December 11th Adolf Hitler declared war on United States making it a world war. ( Schultz, 2012 p,413) The Watergate Scandal is known for its complex web of serious political scandals that occurred during 1972 and 1974. At the time the president was Richard M.Nixon, this scandal would change his Life and his legacy and the lives of many people involved as well as the Americans view of political leaders. During Nixon successful reelection bid in 1972, five men were arrested breaking into the Democratic National Committee offices at the Watergate Hotel in Washington D. C. One of the men worked directly for Nixon’s Committee (CREEP). (Shultz,2012 p. 474) Many things were found out during the long investigation including the unveiling that President Nixon was taping all the conversations in the White House.Also Nixon’s vice president Agnew was also admitted to tax evasion. There was also many other things that came to light during the Watergate Scandal leading Americans to have major distrust within the entire leaders of our country. Today political leaders and everyone for that matter grasp the idea that no one is above the law. I believe the biggest outcome of the Watergate Scandal would be the realization that the â€Å"freedom of press† defined in the First Amendment can be held up and used to print and report on if the information is true. Stay out of European AffairsThe disinclination of Americans to become too closely involved with Eur opean affairs was also reflected in the Administration’s refuge policies. As the Nazis steeped up their persecution of Jews and other minorities, a steady trickle of German Jews sought refuge in countries around the world. ( America’s Decades 1930’s p. 343) The people of the United States had many reason as to why the wished to stay neutral in what became World War II. First from my understanding Americans were still trying to recover from World War I and also the Great Depression.America suffered from so many devastating blows financially during the Great Depression. They felt as if we should concentrate on recovering here at home first rather than going overseas and incurring more financial problems. The second reason I think Americans wanted to remain out of the European Conflict is because of a man named Adolf Hitler. Although Adolf Hitler did many horrible unforgiving things during his time Americans took a liking to him at first. This was simply because Hi tler pulled Germany out a horrible economic depression in record breaking time.Americans thought that if Hitler had enough power and wisdom to help Germany so swiftly then why should be fight such a strong and very smart power. Women Role in WWII Women played a very significant role during the World War II to help the United States achieve a win. During the World War II many women found themselves left at home trying to do whatever they could to make ends meet. Hundreds of thousands of women went to work in factories taking the place of many male jobs. During the war around 350,000 women enlisted into various branches of the armed forces working mainly as nurses and secretaries.A great achievement women made during the war was becoming Air Force service pilots. This gave males the opportunity to leave the service aspect of the military to join in actual combat. Women made up a major part of the Red Cross lending hand to wounded soldiers to help heal and get them back to combat statu s. Civil Rights Breakthrough Between the end of World War II and the passing of the passing of Civil Rights Act in 1964 many Africa Americans devoted their lives to fighting devoted their lives to fighting social injustices. Like much of United States society in 1940’s professional baseball was segregation.The Major League was for white players only. When it came to African America baseball player they were restricted to the Negro League with received little press. Jackie Robinson broke the baseball color line when the Brooklyn Dodgers started him on April 15, 1947. As the first African American to Major League Baseball Robinson had to endure racial taunts, threat, and death letter by fans of the game. He also had to death with it from other players and his teammates, some players shunned him or kicked him with spike shoes as he ran bases. (America’s 1940 p. 122) Robinson played at top level he batted .97 in his rookie year, won National League Rookie of the Year and l ed the Dodgers to 1947 World Series. Just elven weeks after Jackie Robinson integrated baseball Larry Doby deducted with the Cleveland Indians. Robinson was the first African American inducted into Baseball Hall of Fame in 1962 . In 1951 suit was filed against the Topeka Board of Education at a state level with the help of the NAACP. Unfortunately the case was lost, but got taken on by the Supreme Court. After a long battle inBrown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansa decided by the Supreme Court in 1954, is considered the case that began to dismantle legal segregation.It brought together five discrimination suits being filed across the country against locally segregated school system where blacks’ schools were found to be inadequate. The case argued by Charles Hamilton Houston, James Nabritt, Thurgood Marshall ( who became the first African American Supreme Court Justice) who had applied for to University of Maryland Law School and was refused because of his race. ( Legacy Treasures of Black History p. 171) The murder of Emmett Louis Till was an African American boy who was murdered in Mississippi he was only fourteen.It was reported that he was flirting with a white woman named Carolyn Bryant. Several nights later Bryant’s husband and half-brother took Till from his great uncle house and brought him to a barn where they beat him and gouged out one of his eyes then they shoted him in the head. They dispose his body in the Tallahatchie River weighting it down with a 70 pound cotton gin. Till body was found three days later he body was returned to Chicago, Illinois to his mother where she insisted on a public funeral with an open casket to show the world the brutality of the murder of her son.Ten of thousands attended the funeral or viewed his casket and images of his mutilated body was publish in Jet magazine and newspapers. Emmett Till murder is noted as a pivotal event motivating the Civil Rights moment. That December of 1955 in Montgomery, A labama Rosa Park refused to give her seat up and was arrested that spark a boycott of the public bus system in Montgomery, Alabama that last thirteen months. Vietnam War While Vietnam started in 1955 the United States did not enter until roughly 1961.America wanted to remain out of this war but ultimately succumb to the realization that we intervene if we did not want communism to spread any farther than it already had. As of today the Vietnam War is known for its dramatic bloodshed with the losses of so many lives and also for that to date is the only war United States lost due to withdrawing from the war. Today we can see the effects of the war economically because all of the health problems we see in the veterans of the war. We help to pay for the medical bills of proud men that served our country during that time.Our veterans today still suffer greatly from port traumatic stress disorder and drug dependencies. The war was also very costly not in just that thousands of lives were lost but also financially. The Vietnam War brought political awareness to a new generation of young Americans in many ways. The war weakened public faith in government, and in the honesty of its leaders. A high degree of suspicion and distrust toward authority of all kind was felt by most Americans. Also Americans discredited the military for a long time to come. Americans would come to never have respect for or trust public institutions again like they had before the war.President Johnson’s Great Society President Lyndon Johnson did many great things for our country, including what is called his â€Å"Great Society† agenda. While the Great Society agenda had many aspects of it, I think one of the dynamics that still stands today and is very important to us is the Economic Opportunity Act (EOA) of 1964. The EOA was created to do many things but a few are commonly still heard about. For example the EOA created a program called Head Start. Head Start is provides many th ings including education, parent involvement, health, nutrition, and family support services to low income families.The EOA also created the Job Corps which is still in operation today. Job Corps is a free training and education program that helps low income young people aged 16 to 21 earn a high school diploma, learn a career, and find and keep a career. Another program that was created in 1965 under Johnsons Great Society was Medicare. Medicare is in full force still in today’s time. Medicare is a national insurance program, regulated by the U. S. federal government; it guarantees access to health insurance for Americans for younger people with disabilities and for those ages 65. (Shultz 2012 p. 458)

The Families in the 1950’s

The 1950’s A typical 1950’s family was nothing like the ideal family in today’s generation. Back then a typical family was a mom and a dad and several children. This is nothing like the current generation, where there are pregnant 16 year olds who think its ok to get pregnant out of wedlock because they see that on television. Everyone sat down to a home cooked meal together, unlike today where both men and women go to work and so they wind up eating something quick.Shows like â€Å"Leave it to Beaver† created the perfect model of what the typical family of the 1950’s was like. When there was a conflict between a child and a parent, they sat down together and talked it out, nobody ran away or just brushed it off. Women stayed home did the chores and kept up with the house and took care of the children, while the husbands went out to work. The positive part of the 50’s was how families were actually families.They did things together like watch television, ate dinner, and just spent time with each other talking about one another’s day. Women understood what it meant to honor their husbands and discipline their children. Other than that there was more negativity to this decade. Women were not allowed to do many things such as, going to work if they could afford not to, state their opinions to their husbands, and dinner had to be on the table when their husbands arrived home and not a second later.Although the 1950’s were a more popular time then other decades, I do not think people would want to go back. Women were treated unfairly as well as minorities, and gays. I do, however, think that some aspects from that generation would be best fit in this generation. Women should still go out and work, and be treated with respect, however; there should be more structure in families, so that there are not so many broken families, and not so many children being born into corrupt families.

Strategies in Striving for Peak Performance and Applying to Sales in Essay

Strategies in Striving for Peak Performance and Applying to Sales in the Insurance Industry - Essay Example This paper illustrates that the companies need to improve their efficiency level and productivity through the greater degree of flexibility and innovation under constant internal as well as external pressure. Since the insurance companies provide services that can be counted under the purview of the retail industry, the selling capabilities of the employees are constantly challenged. Employees not only require technologies but need to integrate creativity in their approaches for better productivity. With a number of players in the market, the insurance business is about to touch the saturation point. This explains that even though the services are increasing, the buyers of services are declining at a steady rate. As a result, employees and managers are facing tremendous work pressure giving rise to feelings of frustration and low motivation. In this respect, people management in insurance companies has assumed a highly prioritized position. Managers are getting instructions from high er authorities to supplement the traditional method of motivation with various contemporary approaches so as to uplift the working spirit of employees at a different level. Keeping in view the current scenario of the insurance industry, the present paper focuses on various motivational strategies and skills that can be implemented therein. The objective and purpose of this piece of work are to examine various motivational theories and its implication in the insurance industry. In simple words, motivation can be defined as rationales underlying a particular behavior. Broussard and Garrison defined it as an attribute that influences the individual to undertake a particular activity. In the broad sense, it is a set of beliefs, values, perceptions, actions, and interests that are highly interlinked. In the following section, various motivational theories have been discussed which will be further discussed in the context of the insurance industry in the later section. In a stress environ ment similar to that of the insurance industry, it is very natural for employees to develop feelings such as aggression, discomfort, and frustration due to monotony and repetitive nature of the task. Motivation can be considered as an important antidote to the given problem of low morale.

HOW DO THE MEXICAN DRUG CARTELS WORK TO REDUCE COMPETITION AND Essay

HOW DO THE MEXICAN DRUG CARTELS WORK TO REDUCE COMPETITION AND INCREASE PROFITS - Essay Example a very function of the fact that this particular practice is illegal and almost every single nation around the globe, the profit margins for such behavior are extraordinarily high. Due to the fact that individuals are attracted to this particular line of work based upon the extraordinarily high income they can earn with relatively little effort, there is a continual allure that drug trafficking, smuggling, production, and distribution has for individuals that might not otherwise consider integrating with the traditional economy. Needless to say, in order for drug distribution, transportation, or production to be particularly effective, it must necessarily have a certain level of organization. In much the same way that individual businesses within the traditional economy grow and expand to encompass operational goals and responsibilities that comprised many different individuals, drug cartels have grown as a function of controlling drug trafficking and production as well as smothering potential competition. Whereas the individual might be able to make a relatively small amount of money based upon drug trafficking and production, the protection, level of legitimacy, power, and reach that a cartel as allows this particular process to be engaged in a much more efficient manner. As such, the following discussion will provide a detailed observation with regards to the economics of cartel behavior. Subsequently, it is the hope of this particular author that such a unit of analysis will be beneficial in attempting to relate the dynamics of how this subsector of the economy works; as well as providing an insightful understanding of how economic principles that define the remainder of the economic sphere remain applicable and worthy of consideration – even within the black market. When one considers the illicit drugs industry, they invariably consider the most commonly referred to forms of drug trafficking; marijuana and cocaine. Although it is true that marijuana

Dick Spencer Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Dick Spencer - Research Paper Example The case study highlights about Dick Spencer, who works as a Vice President in one of the large manufacturing firms. However, prior to that he was a plant manager of a Modrow Company, which was also the Canadian branch office of Tri-American Corporation. Tri-American Corporation was a major player in the aluminum manufacturing industry and it was also involved in the integrated operations such as mining of bauxite, processing and fabrication that result in various end products. The company employed around 22,000 people has presence in different parts of the world. The company followed a decentralized organizational structure that allowed plan managers to gain extra control and authority over the operation but at the same time the pressure of profitability was significant. In order to further experience growth the company had accomplished an expansion project and modernization project. The cost of this project was very high, but the return on investment was expected to surpass the ini tial investment and that made the project feasible. Despite that the plant manager, Dick Spencer was a bit more skeptical about the viability of the project and as a precautionary measure the manager initiated a campaign that encouraged employees to cut expenses in whatever ways possible. He also urged employees to reduce the expenses and cut down cost to the highest possible extent. This report seeks to identify the key factors that contributed to Spencer’s success as a salesperson and tribulations as a manager. The report will also throw light on these factors that led to success as a salesman or his failure as a manager. Lastly, the study will recommend some of the steps or techniques that could be adopted which will help have Dick Spencer to become successful as a manager. Factors Contributing to Spencer’s success as a Salesperson and Tribulations as a Manager Selling and management are two different domains of business as the duties greatly differ from one another (Boles, Brashear, Bellenger & Barksdale, 2000). However, both the functions play imperative role in the success of a company. A sale is a key organizational function and the sales personnel plays key role in bringing revenues for the organization. In doing so a sales person generally exhibits various exceptional qualities. On the contrary, management is another vital function of an organization (Matsuno, Mentzer & Rentz, 2000). It helps in ensuring the organizational tasks are accomplished in a systematic and timely manner. Furthermore, the people of management also have the responsibility to administer the organizational activities and making decisions at every point of time. However, success or failure on these given fields greatly depends upon certain factors. In this context the factors which were responsible for Mr. Dick’s failure and success are underlined below: - Charming personality and business knowledge According to the viewpoint of the colleagues of Mr. Dick, he had a charming personality and good looks. Moreover, Mr. Dick also possessed sound business knowledge. The ability to sell products also needs special mention. This allowed Mr. Dick to become one of the successful salesmen of the company. In addition to these qualities, Mr. Dick also had a tremendous amount of energy and during his initial days enjoyed the work of a salesman. Despite, friend’s advice to switch into sales management jobs, he continued to act as a salesman. This clearly reflects the extent to which Mr. Dick was a self motivating person and how passion for sales had driven him. Self Motivation Self motivation is another major factor that played a significant role in the development of Mr. Dick as a salesperson. Eminent Scholar such as Pelham (2002) emphasizes that

How can the HR Management sustain the motivation of the employees Dissertation

How can the HR Management sustain the motivation of the employees during a period of company downsizingAn approach of HR practi - Dissertation Example Some did achieve short-term benefits in terms of cost savings but in the long-run organizations paid for it in terms of loss of human capital. The neglect of human capital resulted in low employee morale which adversely impacted the post-downsizing productivity. Employee motivation is currently the major issue facing businesses today. The role of HR has changed from being mere personnel management to strategic human resources management. HR managers could play a vital role in sustaining motivation of employees that are retained with the organization after downsizing. While downsizing affects both the leavers and those that remain, the scope of the study is limited to focusing on the motivation of those that remain with the organization. Thus, with the aim to evaluate the role of HR in sustaining employee motivation during downsizing, three objectives and four research questions were set. After extensive literature review, the study adopted qualitative method for research based purely on secondary data. The study finds that motivation is disrupted which is evident from increase in political behaviors such as anger, fear, and antagonism. This in turn manifests in adversely impacting customer satisfaction, organizational efficiency, and productivity. Employee motivation is invariably affected in downsizing firms regardless of the downsizing strategy adopted. The attention during downsizing is focused on the process and also in trying to avert negative publicity. As a result human capital is neglected, which results in lowered motivation to work and lowered commitment, loyalty and inefficiencies. Various downsizing strategies have been reviewed and the study finds that a proactive approach to downsizing can avert neglect of human capital. This requires the involvement of HR managers right from the beginning in designing and implementing the downsizing process. The study recommends the role that HR should adopt in sustaining the motivation of employees during all th e stages of the downsizing process. Table of Contents Chapter I Introduction 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Rationale for Research 5 1.3 Research Aims and Objectives 8 1.4 Research Questions 9 1.5 Scope of the Study 9 1.6 Structure of the Study 9 Chapter II Literature Review 2.1 Chapter Overview 11 2.2 Definitions 11 2.3 The Growth of Downsizing 15 2.4 Rationale for Downsizing 16 2.5 Downsizing methods 20 2.6 Impact of downsizing 21 2.7 Downsizing management by organization and its implications 25 2.8 Downsizing implementation 26 2.9 Downsizing Models 30 2.10 Trust and Empowerment in downsizing 33 2.11 HR practices during Downsizing 36 2.12 Strategies to manage the Survivors 37 2.13 Chapter Summary 38 Chapter III Methodology 3.1 Research Philosophy 39 3.2 Research Phenomenon 39 3.3 Research Design 39 3.4 Choice of Method 40 3.5 Research Approach 41 3.6 Data Collection Strategy 43 3.7 Data Analysis 45 3.8 Validity and Reliability 45 3.9 Ethical concerns 45 Chapter IV Findings & Discussions 4.1 Chapter Overview 46 4.2 Findings 46 4.3 Analysis and Discussion 56 Chapter V Conclusion & Recommendations 5.1 Conclusion 63 5.2 Recommendations on the role of HR during downsizing 67 5.3 Limitations of the Study 70 5.4 Recommendation for further research 71 5.5 Personal reflection 71 References 74 Tables and Charts Table 2.1 Different Ways of describing Downsizing 13 Table 2.2 Reasons for Downsizing by Firms 19 Table 2.3 Downsizing Strategy 28

German Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

German - Essay Example There are also memorials dedicated to other victims (Gypsies, homosexuals) in Berlin as well as in other places of the world. The latter are smaller in size. However, this is quite inappropriate, as it may seem that the lives of Jews are valued higher than the lives of other victims. It is better to create one memorial where all victims could be mentioned. It could be a good idea to have a memorial where signs worn by people (stars, triangles and so on) could be revealed as well as the number of people who died. Another point is that the memorial seems to commemorate victims who died in the concentration camps. However, there were survivors whose lives were completely destroyed. Memorials should also commemorate lost lives of those people. It seems more appropriate to make the memorial for victims of the Holocaust rather than for murdered Jews of Europe. It is also quite interesting that there is a Holocaust Museum in Washington, but no national monument for victims of slavery and genocide. This may be explained by the fact that there are many people who have enough power and who strive for commemorating the killed Jews (whose relatives and children live in the USA) and there are a few people, who also have certain power, and are willing to commemorate slavery or

The Student Motor Company Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Student Motor Company - Case Study Example In order to mitigate the competitive challenges The Student Motor Company invented a subcompact car i.e. Zinger. The normal preproduction testing along with the development of automobiles usually takes around forty-three months. However, the management team of the concerned company had consented for the production of the new car i.e. Zinger within two years. While test driving, the management had analyzed two vital faults within the car being manufactured. In this regard, it has been determined that the company used gasoline tank and the tank had been fixed in a way that a crash would create a puncture in the tank. Moreover, the design also entailed the risk of gasoline entering the driver’s chamber and any further ignite can lead to massive flames (Fall 1-4). Another fault as determined within the production of Zinger is the emission standard. It has been noted that it is the responsibility of the company to meet the emission standards before sale because after the sale it is the responsibility of the owner to abide by the emission standards. Zinger was launched in the market without considering the manufacturing defects. It has been further noted that the director of the company claimed that if the manufacturing department has involved standards to minimize the explosion risk then it would have raised the price of the product. Considering these aspects, it can be viewed that the company did not meet the ethical standard. ... Due to the company’s unethical decisions, the customers faced life risk situation (Fall 1-4). Q2. The ethical standards that might have been considered in resolving this dilemma is to stop the launch of the vehicle. In this regard, it can be ascertained that the company’s management or its stakeholders might have undertaken measures to mitigate the manufacturing defects. The research and development department might have put more effort in the establishment of a product that would be beneficial for the society. In this aspect, it can be ensured that this particular ethical standard has not been met by the company. This has resulted in the vital loss of the customers who purchased the car. This is the major consequence pertaining to the ethical standard that can affect the society at large (Fall 1-4). The following ethical initiative that can be mitigated by implementing certain alternative measures is meeting the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) emission standard. In further discussion, it can be revealed that the company might have followed the emission standards incorporated within EPA. According to the EPA emission standard it is the responsibility of the company to meet the standard before the sale of the products. The Student Motor Company had not ensured emission standards before the sale of Zinger. This will lay greater consequences on the customers. This is because the emission standard of EPA reveals that after the sale of the car, it is the responsibility of the customers to mitigate the emission standard. It is difficult for the customers to gain immediate information on emission standards. In keeping with the economic alternatives, the company might have assured a better

Policy making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Policy making - Essay Example The country has been trying to resolve and reduce use of fossil fuel. This has led to debates among leaders on invention of a renewable fuel source like ethanol. Scientific criticism is diverse as it focuses on external instrumentalization process of science and technology in economic, political and military spheres. It also focuses on the internal academic structures where questions on social relevance that is grounded on causality and reductionism. Furthermore, solutions about the social problems are also analyzed. A scientific approach like use of ethanol is accepted if the outcomes of the process are ethical: it is less harmful as compared to other fuel sources. Hopes can be drawn to science if the values and the epistemological foundations attached are beneficial to the citizens. For instance, production of corn in U.S has increased from one third to five billion bushels between 1990 to 2010. This is an economic improvement thus earns more profit to the locals. Human activities such as deforestation have negatively affected production of corn. Furthermore, climatic conditions such as drought also affect corn production. Thus, ethanol production from corn is non-renewable; it means that corn production also reduces. This has directly affected the level of ethanol produced. This has led to food shortage in Mexico due to the depleted corn. Furthermore, increase in production of ethanol, leads to pollution and degrades agriculture. This has led to enforcement of environmental policies to curb production of ethanol. In addition, ethanol production is affected by the market trend. Due to the high demand of ethanol, it has forced many ethanol users to participate in the business. This is due to the less environmental effects that ethanol has to the environment. It is also estimated that the price of gasoline is about $0.9 per gallon due to the presence

Three Men in a Boat Essay Example for Free

Three Men in a Boat Essay The author, Jerome K. Jerome, was born in Walsall, Staffordshire, England, on 2nd May 1859. His early upbringing was done in London and he studied in Marylebone Grammar School at the age of 15, he lost both his parents and had to take up a job as a railway clerk. Later on he took up different vocations- school teacher, actor, journalist. In 1888 he married Georgina Henrietta Stanley. His first publication was ‘Idle Thoughts of an Idle Fellow’, followed by the famous ‘Three Men in a Boat’. He became famous both as a playwright and novelist. He also served in the French Red Cross during the First World War before his death on 14th June 1927. The theme The complete novel is based upon a boat-trip taken by three friends down the river Thames from Kingston to Oxford. I believe that it was supposed to be a travelogue but it turned out to be a hilarious account of a journey. The story turns out to be humorous due to the brief anecdotes given by the author of previous incidences, the three friends’ behaviors and the occasional humorous uplift given by the author’s dog. The plot The story begins by introducing George, Harris, Jerome and Montmorency, a fox-terrier. The men are spending an evening in Jeromes room, smoking and discussing illnesses they fancy they suffer from. They conclude they are all suffering from overwork and need a holiday. A stay in the country and a sea trip are both considered, then rejected (J. describes the bad experiences had by his brother-in-law and a friend on sea trips). Eventually, the three decide on a boating holiday, up the River Thames, from Kingston upon Thames to Oxford, during which theyll camp, notwithstanding Jeromes anecdotes regarding previous experiences with tents and camping stoves. They embark the following Saturday. George must go to work that morning (George goes to sleep at a bank from ten to four each day, except Saturdays, when they wake him up and put him outside at two) so Jerome and Harris make their way to Kingston by train. They are unable to find the correct train at Waterloo Station so they bribe a train driver to take his train to Kingston, where they collect their hired boat and start their journey. They meet George later, up-river at Weybridge. The remainder of the story relates their river journey and the incidents that occur. The book s original purpose as a guidebook is apparent as the narrator describes the passing landmarks and villages such as Hampton Court Palace, Hampton Church, Monkey Island, Magna Carta Island and Marlow, and muses upon historical associations of these places. However, he frequently digresses into funny anecdotes that range from the unreliability of barometers for weather forecasting to the difficulties that may be encountered when learning to play the Scottish bagpipe. The most frequent topics are river pastimes such as fishing and boating and the difficulties they present to the inexperienced and unwary. Character Sketches George- George is one of the two friends of the author and is a bank clerk by profession. He is an incredibly lazy and sluggish person and according to the author, George is very much able to take a nap at anytime, anywhere. He is not among the brightest of people and even his friends tend to think so. They are really taken for by surprise when George makes the sensible suggestion of taking the river trip. He always tries to grab an opportunity ofnot doing a particular work which shows his reluctance to work and determination to escape out of it. Harris- Harris is a vain fellow who pretends to be extremely hard working but usually pushes off the burden on other people. He is outspoken and does not hesitate to tell his friends what he thinks about them even if it may not be pleasant. For instance he outwardly tells George that his new blazer is utterly revolting and that he must not wear it around them (Harris and Jim). When Harris takes on a job he makes a huge fuss out of it like the narrator’s uncle Podger. It may not be anything majorly important but if Harris is going to do it; the world is surely going to know about it. He also thinks very highly of himself and his voice though his friends do not want him to even attempt singing. He is extremely fascinated by tombs and graveyards much to the author’s amazement and dislike. He is also quite short tempered and it is best to let him rant off his anger rather than try and talk to him about it. He would not mind a drink at any time of the day and enjoys the company of his friends. Jerome- Jerome is the narrator of the book. He is a young, single middle-class man living in London. He is fond of history and literature and spends much of his time daydreaming about the days when knights roamed the countryside of England. This daydreaming sometimes gets him into trouble when he does not pay suitable attention to what he is doing. Jerome, like his two friends on the boat trip, is a little vain and conceited, but he realizes it and pokes gentle fun at himself, his friends, and the habits of others like them through his anecdotes, where he and his friends are often the butt of ego-skewering jokes. Jerome has always been fond of boats, but prefers the old fashioned. The author (Jerome) quite often becomes philosophical and the draws comparisons between their journey and the journey of our life. Therefore we can conclude that he even has a romantic and poetic nature. Montmorency- Montmorency is the author’s dog that accompanied by him, George and Harris in their river trip. Montmorency looked like an angel sent to Earth in the form of a small Fox Terrier. He had a gentle noble expression which brought tears to the eyes of elderly folk. When Montmorency first arrived, the author thought that he would not live long. But, he soon changed his opinion about Montmorency when his true nature was exposed. The author had to pay for chickens Montmorency had killed and had to drag him out of hundreds of street fights. Once Montmorency killed the neighbours’ cat and on one occasion he had kept a man stuck in his own tool shed for about two hours. The authors gardener made money by betting on Montmorencys rat-killing skills. He liked to roam around and fight with dogs of a similar disreputable nature. Therefore, he enjoyed places like inns and pubs but not places such as damp boats and scenic places.

Basic Implementation of OpenStack

Basic Implementation of OpenStack 3.1 Basic Installation   Ã‚   In this project Open stack was installed through pack stack that is a repository module, help to implement various parts of OpenStack. It represents a utility which facilitates the deployment on multiple nodes for different components of OpenStack via SSH. This requires multiple pre-installed servers. In our case it is CentOS. There are two ways to work with packsack. As follows. Packstack Interactively: the Interactive way is the user commands are run at same time as he gives the command. The user enters the command Packstack Non-Interactively: the Non-Interactive way is the way when the user updates the file known as answer file. Enables and customize the options in the answer file, that customize file is run for OpenStack. In this project, Non interactive is used to install pack stack. Answer file will be applied on our controller node, as all service will work in controller node. The answer file is a file that pack stack takes in order to take decisions that we put in the script, that we want to setup in OpenStack. Services will be enabled such as Glance, Cinder, Nova, Horizon, Swift, Ceilometer, and Heat as shown in FIG 3.1 and FIG 3.2 FIG.3.1 (Answer File with services) FIG.3.2 (Answer File with heat services enabled) Answer file also consists of IP addresses of the three main nodes, Compute, Controller, and Neutron. Compute node, in this project the three nodes are on one single node as shown in FIG.3.3. All these nodes should be interconnected. FIG.3.3(Answer File with all IP address) Moreover, the answer file also consists of keystone authentication user and password in plain text as well as the token that is discussed in the previous chapter as well. This token allows the user to the services that user is allowed to get access. After Answer file is modified the file is run through pack stack through the following in FIG3.4 . FIG.3.4(Run Answer File over pack stack ) Then access the dashboard through GUI as it is successfully installed after as shown in FIG 3.5 FIG.3.5 (User Authentication by open stack (Keystone)) As discussed before keystone plays the authentication role, known as identity service as well. It ask for username and password when this authentication is done the keystone provides the token to the user that consist of the services that are been allowed to the user to access 3.2 Implantation Projects and Other services FIG.3.2 (Different projects of OpenStack) After getting access we can see different projects. OpenStack can deal with different project at a time. Every project has different members as shown is FIG 3.3.A member can be a part of two different projects. FIG.3.3 (Project Members) The cinder volume is the block storage that is provided to the user related to different projects. This is a logical storage to every user that can be attached or detached to the user. This memory can be reused for another user as user finished his work and memory is deleted. The user can be given different memory chunk according to the use. FIG.3.4 (OpenStack Volumes attached to different users) As in FIG.3.4 different volumes are attached to different users for the project admin, their IDs are showing as their name with size of their volume, with the contrast of their instances those are attached to. The next service will be glance service in OpenStack picture. Glance is the storage service that is responsible for keeping images for different instances. All the instances will run through the image file that will be stored in Glance. There can be more than one image but in our scenario its just one image as shown in FIG.3.5 FIG.3.5 (Openstack Glance service) 3.3 Networks and Router The network is the neutron service of the OpenStack that provides the interfaces for different user and services to connect with each other. Since OpenStack deals with cloud computing with private and public cloud, therefore there will be a big role to play for NATing. As shown in FIG 3.6a. OpenStack not only provides compute and data storage service but also understands the role of networks to connect these services. In the following FIG it clearly shows the instances those are connected to a private cloud, on one side of the router with all private IP addresses, will be nated on the other side of the router through public cloud. FIG.3.6a (OpenStack Network) In other words, these private instances can also be accessed through external network. In this unit, this will be explained further. FIG.3.6b (OpenStack Network) As shown in FIG.3.6b private and public IP addresses are shown that will be used for nating. Furthermore, router is also available is OpenStack networking services that not only help in nating but also manages the external and internal networks of OpenStack services. FIG.3.7 (Openstack Router) Unlike other vendor routers, it does not need so much of command configuration, which is the best part of OpenStack router. It is capable of doing all basic required routing functions. These all capabilities plays great role in OpenStack. As shown in FIG.3.7, FIG.3.8 and FIG.3.9 some of the routing capabilities. FIG.3.8 (Openstack Router) In the FIG.3.6 you can easily identify the router ports, where the ports are assigned with the IP addresses, these are the IP addresses from the private and public cloud as shown in FIG.3.4. Moreover, this clarifies that NATing has done by the router, where one port is towards external gateway of the network. This is towards the internet in our scenario. The port is defined on internal or private network. FIG.3.9 (Openstack Router) Public IP addresses are defined as floating IP for the project that needs to be accessed from external network. In the given FIG 3.10 following floating public IP addresses are shown that are for the admin projects, where instances are also defined with their tagged names, as well as their status. FIG.3.10 (Floating IP addresses) For any network it very important to have systematic way of deployments and organize the way of understanding the deployment of any network. This cannot be possible without a graphical representation of network topology diagram as shown in FIG.3.11, as well as in FIG.3.6a in the beginning. FIG.3.11 (Floating IP addresses)

The Oceans - A Storehouse of Undiscovered Drugs and Medicines Essay

The Oceans - A Storehouse of Undiscovered Drugs and Medicines The health of human populations requires a wide variety of chemical and physical supports from both local ecosystems and from the global ecosystem. The subject of this paper is the indirect relationship between biodiversity and human health, particularly with regard to coral reef ecosystems. Coral reefs are the most diverse ecosystems in the sea. â€Å"High diversity density gives rise to intense species competition and the subsequent organism capability to construct exotic defensive and offensive chemicals, many with pharmacological value† (Adey 2000). It is estimated that less than ten percent of reef biodiversity is currently known, and only a small fraction of that percentage has been tested for active compounds. However, coral reefs face numerous hazards and threats, both natural and anthropogenic. â€Å"Current estimates note that ten percent of all coral reefs are degraded beyond recovery. Thirty percent are in critical condition and may die within ten to twent y years. Experts predict that if current pressures are allowed to continue unabated, sixty percent of the world’s coral reefs may die completely by 2050† (Hazards to Coral Reefs). Many species that exist only in coral reef ecosystems will likely become extinct in the coming decades, and the pharmacological potential that these species hold will be lost forever. Most of the drugs in use today have come from nature. Three common examples include aspirin, morphine, and penicillin. â€Å"‘In the old days you could wander around a corn field or up in a forest, take little dirt samples, bring them back to the lab—and what do you know? You’d found microorganisms that produce streptomycin, or actinomycin, or... ...icles/june_03/marine_pharmacology.pdf> Hazards to Coral Reefs. 18 Jan. 2004. NOAA. . Kerr, Russell, Drugs from the Sea: Will the Next Penicillin Come from a Sponge?. . Marine Pharmaceuticals. . Mestel, Rosie. â€Å"Drugs from the Sea.† Discover March 1999. Rayl, A.J.S. â€Å"Oceans: Medicine Chests of the Future?† The Scientist 27 Sept. 1999. . ---. â€Å"Reaping Pharmacological Benefits from the Oceans.† The Scientist 11 Oct. 1999. . Small, A., Adey, W., and Spoon, D., 1998, Are Current Estimates of Coral Reef Biodiversity Too Low? The View Through the Window of a Microcosm. Atoll. Research Bulletin, 458, 1-20.

The Dismal Washington Square, by Henry James :: Washington Square Henry James

The Dismal Washington Square, by Henry James Curiosity about how Washington Square was received at the time it was written lead me to search for a review done at the time the book was published. Expecting that the late nineteenth century reader would have a different view of the work than a late twentieth century reader, it came as a surprise to find that an anonymous review in the February 1881 issue of Spectator related views similar to my own. The reviewer described the book as "dismal," filled with a "leaden-coloured group of emotions," while still conveying a "genius" for "painting character, and genius for conceiving unalloyed dismalness of effect, without tragedy and without comedy" (Gard 88-90). While I agree that the book was dismal and lacked a certain depth of emotion, I did not think it was without tragedy in the character of Catherine, or comedy courtesy of Aunt Penniman. The anonymous reviewer asks the question: "why is the whole painted against that blank, leaden sky, not merely of absolute hopelessness, but absolute indifference to hope?" (Gard 89) To me, this clearly referred to Catherine for whom hope is an alien concept. Her everlasting endeavors to please her father who perceived her as inferior because of her gender and her singular lack of distinction, eliminated hope from her reservoir of emotions. The tug-of-war between Townsend and her father over Catherine, not for her own sake, but for money, robbed "her of her admiration for her father" (Gard 89), and a fickle fiancà ©e. These loses she suffered behind "her ancient facility for silence" (James 216). Catherine lived her life trying to please others in a bid for love and approval, and ended up without love from anyone or the hope of acquiring it, which made her a tragic figure. Others might consider having to live with Aunt Penniman ad infinitum to be a tragedy. Aunt Penniman did, however, offer some moments of comic relief with her "silly love of intrigue" (Gard 89) and her romantic flights of fancy. Who could not be amused by Aunt Penniman describing Morris Townsend as an "imperious" man "of great force of character," and saying to herself , "That's the sort of husband I should have had!" (James 38) The anonymous reviewer indicts James as showing genius in creating his characters, but showing no caring for their fate, which leads to his final comment on the book, "If you desire a consummately clever study of perfect dreariness, you have it in

Offshore Outsourcing Essay -- Outsourcing Economics Economy Essays

Offshore Outsourcing Currently, it has been reported that many of our jobs, as much as one out of every three private-sector jobs are being sent overseas. What is offshore outsourcing? Outsourcing occurs when a firm subcontracts a business function to an outside supplier. Outsourcing is mainly the result of companies who will always pursue the lowest-cost structure, which means less skilled work will move out of the U.S. to emerging economies. Many believes that this is a good thing, because living standards around the world will rise, and workers in developing nations will get new and higher-paying jobs, and consumers in the U.S. will be able to buy products that are cheaper than if they were made at home. This paints a scenario where everyone seems to be at the winning end right? This expansion of labor has provoked many controversial debates questioning whether sending so many American jobs overseas is healthy for our economy. One side of the argument is that with the sudden increase in outsourcing high-technology and professional jobs, that we may be in danger of being on the fast-track to becoming a third world country and that our position in the world as the lead economic power might be in jeopardy. On the other side, people are arguing that even though offshore outsourcing forces our economy to suffer job losses that it is only temporary and that the long term benefits will outweigh the short term suffering. The question is, just how serious for America, its’ workforce, and its economy is the shift? Many supporters for outsourcing defends the process, optimistic, referring to two decades ago, during the loss of auto jobs and other high-paying manufacturing jobs wh... ...hat this will help create win-win solutions and ensure that everyone benefits from a more competitive and healthier global economy. Bibliography Minoli, Daniel. Analyzing Outsourcing. 1995 Johnson, Mike. Outsourcing in brief. 1997 Raynor, William. Outsourcing Jobs Off-Shore: Short and Long-Term Consequences. 2003. The State University of New York. http://www.newwork.com/Pages/Opinion/Raynor/Outsourcing%20Consequences.html Kling, Arnold. Please, Outsource to My Daughter.2003. TCS: Tech Central Station. http://www.techcentralstation.com/071403D.html Steidtmann, Carl. The Macro-Economic Case For Outsourcing.2003. A Deloitte Research Economic Brief. http://www.dc.com/research McKinsey Global Institute. Offshoring: Is It a Win-Win Game? 2004. http://www.mckinsey.com/knowledge/mgi/reports/offshore.asp http://www.rppi.org/offshoringwinwin.shtml

Becoming a Better Negotiator

Over the past 8 weeks there has been a lot that I have learned about myself as a person with inner reflection in my negotiation style. Negotiation is a skill that I thought people have to be born with. Although people can be born better suited with negotiation skills; the skill is also a craft that can be taught and learned. People must be able to reflect on their strengths and weaknesses and build off their strengths to become a better negotiator.Lewicki, Saunders and Barry (2011) state that while some people may look like born negotiators, negotiation is fundamentally a skill involving analysis and communication that everyone can learn. I think that the questionnaires that I took really amplified what I need to work on as a negotiator. Negotiation is a part of everyday life for everyone, in home life and in personal life and becoming a better negotiator can impact our lives positively in both. This paper will reflect and summarize what I learned about myself doing both questionnair es and how I plan on improving my negotiation skills using this class going forward.QuestionnairesThe first questionnaire is called The Personal Bargaining Inventory. This questionnaire helps clarify the perceptions of one’s self on different dimensions of negotiation; from how a person should or â€Å"ought† to negotiate, power and deception, cooperation and competition, and winning and losing. The second questionnaire is called Communication Competence Scale. This scale is a diagnostic tool to help one determine their level of communication competence.Communication competence is defined as the ability  to enact both appropriate and effective messages in any communication setting. The Personal Bargaining Inventory asked twenty three questions rating my own behavior and twenty seven questions rating people’s behavior in general, on a scale of 1-7, 1 being strongly uncharacteristic and 7 being strongly characteristic (Lewicki, Saunders, & Barry, 2009). Both of these questionnaires make you look at yourself and gauge how we feel about our own behavior in negotiation and communication.It also makes us reflect on how we believe others should act and behave in negotiation. These are both great exercises for someone to use if they want to figure out exactly what they need to work on to become a better negotiator. Some of the questions asked about ethics; such as lying to get what we want, taking advantage of someone, and being accountable about the things we say in conversation and in negotiation. One must be completely honest when taking these questionnaires. Both of these questionnaires helped me reflect on myself and what I think of myself.About MeMargaret J. Wheatley said â€Å"without reflection, we go blindly on our way, creating more unintended consequences, and failing to achieve anything useful†. I think these questionnaires help with my own personal reflection. I have always been told that I am antagonistic and this is somethi ng that I need to work on. These questionnaires only backed up that assessment. A couple of the questions in particular stuck out to me. I had to be honest with myself, which helped opened up my eyes and helped me realize this truth. In the Personal Bargaining Inventory question number 21 was eye opening; â€Å"in any competitive situation, I like to win. Not just win, but win by the biggest margin possible†.I ranked myself truthfully at a 7, strongly characteristic. I hate to lose. I don’t know of anyone that does, but I really hate it. I get a sinking feeling in my stomach when I lose, or team I root for loses. It affects my attitude and really upsets me. I love to win. They say a win is a win, but in negotiation concessions must be made. Keeping this behavior could end up hurting my negotiation strategies in life. I must be willing to compromise more.The second question came in the Communication Competence Scale, â€Å"generally, I think about how others might  i nterpret what I say†. I need to choose my words more carefully when dealing with people. I don’t usually think about what I say before saying it, and sometimes people may interpret those things negatively. These questionnaires really helped me reflect on myself as a negotiator and as a person. Everyone could benefit from using them.Get BetterAs seen above there is room for me to improve and become a better negotiator. We all should try and become more well rounded people in our lives, to become morally and ethically responsible as well as better negotiators. I believe that I can become a better leader in life and at work if I am able to become a better negotiator. I can do better for my family and I can do better for myself. There are ten best practices to use for negotiators. I will use these ten practices to improve my skills and craft my negotiation style. Those ten practices are the following:1.Be prepared. 2.Diagnose the fundamental structure of the negotiation. 3. Work the BATNA (Best Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement) 4.Be willing to walk away. 5.Master the paradoxes. 6.Remember the intangibles. 7.Actively manage coalitions. 8.Savor and protect your reputation. 9.Remember that rationality and fairness are relative. 10.Continue to learn from the experience.I have a real life experience that just happened to me that these ten practices would have helped me with. I had set up a meeting with a customer and I expected just to introduce myself to these guys and let them know that I was new to the area. I wanted to show face to them and let them know that I was here to help. Well that was part of what happened. These guys took me and put me in a conference room and asked me a million questions about my company and what I would do for them. I feel I did okay in this situation, but had I been able to prepare for this negotiation I might have done a  better job.Practice 1 and 10 are what I will take away the most from this to learn from. Had I k nown that this introduction would have been more than just that, I would have prepared better for some of the questions they asked. I am new to this position and I will be able to walk away from this experience with something to work on. I tried my best to keep all questions in a positive light and try and make the meeting as personal as possible. This negotiation was not for a contract, but more or less for an opportunity that could lead to one. I laid a lot of my cards out on the table to let them know that I wanted to build trust. There were three guys in the meeting.Two of them specifically said that all they cared about was price, while the third said, â€Å"I don’t give two (curse)’s about price, all I care about is what you are going to do for me, I care about service†. This helps me in the future going forward with these guys, being able to address what is the most important thing to them when it comes to doing business with me and my company. This custo mer has all the power and they know it. All I want to go out and earn their business. I am a vendor to them and there are other vendors that can offer the same services as I can, what can I do to earn their business? I need to make my experience personal with them and try and build a personal relationship. Building trust in negotiation is one of the biggest and most important things in business.Once I get the opportunity to build this trust and earn this work I can then go into the negotiation faze of an MRO contract. MRO stands for Maintenance, Repair and Operations. We write out these contracts for loyal customers that basically take the negotiation out of our work. We set the prices and the services provided for the customer that we don’t need to earn or negotiate, we need to basically â€Å"keep them happy† until the contract runs out. They are set for 5 years and are fair and rational for both us and the customer.If I am able to get to the point of a negotiation f or a MRO contract, it would look really good to my supervisors and I could become one of the youngest managers in our company. I must take a plan of action to see things from my opponent’s perspective and keep in mind the intangibles that go into negotiation. Leaders must be credible and trustworthy (Bednarz 2011). Learning to become a better negotiator and person would definitely make me a better leader for my family and my company.In conclusion, this class has taught me a lot about negotiation and myself in the process. There are steps and processes that anyone can take that can train and help turn this into a skill. Negotiation is not the easiest thing in the world to do. No one is born with the same personality, and negotiation is a skill (like sports or music) that can be born with in certain people. But like sports and music, negotiation is a craft that can be worked, learned, exercised and honed. We must always get ready and be prepared prior to a negotiation. We must also learn from all our negotiations in life so that we can get better.

Italy and Japan Essay

World War II caused greater destruction than any other war in history. The war took the lives of about 17 million soldiers and an even greater number of civilians, who died as a result of bombings, starvation, and deliberate campaigns of mass murder. The war also ushered in the atomic age and was quickly followed by the collapse of the wartime alliance between the United States and the Soviet Union and the beginning of the Cold War. World War I created the conditions that led to World War II. The peace settlement ending the war, which stripped the Central Powers of territory and arms and required them to pay reparations, left lasting bitterness in Germany, Austria, Bulgaria, Hungary, and Turkey. The peace treaty also disappointed two of the victors, Italy and Japan. In addition, the war severely disrupted Europe’s economies and helped set the stage for the Great Depression of the 1930s. General histories of the war, which examine the war’s origins, military history, and consequences, include John Keegan, The Second World War (1989); C. L. Sulzberger and Stephen E. Ambrose, American Heritage New History of World War II (1997); and Gerhard L. Weinberg, A World at Arms: A Global History of World War II (1994). Valuable reference works include I. C. B. Dear and M. R. D. Foot, eds. , The Oxford Companion to the Second World War (1995); John Ellis, World War II: A Statistical Survey (1993); and John Keegan, ed. , The Times Atlas to the Second World War (1989). To understand the war’s outcome, see Richared Overy, Why the Allies Won (1995). The most thorough and balanced recent history of the American role in World War II is David M. Kennedy, Freedom from Fear: The American People in Depression and War, 1929-1945 (1999), which examines the causes of U. S. involvement in the conflict, wartime diplomacy, military strategy, and the war’s economic and social implications. The question of how Japan was able to carry out its successful surprise attack on Pearl Harbor is thoroughly examined in Gordon W. Prange, At Dawn We Slept: The Untold Story of Pearl Harbor (1982). The war’s European theater is discussed in Stephen L. McFarland and Wesley Phillips Newton, To Command the Sky: The Battle for Air Superiority Over German, 1942-1944 (1991); Nathan Miller, War at Sea: A Naval History of World War II (1995); and James Polmar and T. B. Allen, World War II (1996). Soldiers’ wartime experiences are examined in Gerald F. Linderman, The World Within War: America’s Combat Experience in World War II (1997). On the Pacific War, see John Dower, War Without Mercy: Race and Power in the Pacific War (1986), Akira Iriye, Power and Culture: The Japanese-American War, 1941-1945 (1981), and Ronald Spector, Eagle Against the Sun (1985) World War II transformed the American homefront. It jump-started the economy; ended Depression-era unemployment, relocated Americans in unprecedented numbers, and permanently altered the status of women, adolescents, and racial minorities in American life. The war’s impact on the homefront is analyzed in William L. O’Neill, A Democracy at War: America’s Fight at Home and Abroad in World War II (1993). Oral histories from the war years can be found in Studs Terkel, The Good War (1984). World War II had a dramatic impact on women’s lives. The most visible change involved the appearance of large numbers of women in uniform, as more than 250,000 women joined the WACs, the Army Nurses Corps, the WAVES, and the Navy Nurses Corps. The war also challenged the conventional image of female behavior, as â€Å"Rosie the Riveter† became the popular symbol of women who worked in defense industries. Wartime transformations in women’s lives are examined in Susan M. Hartmann, The Homefront and Beyond: Women in the 1940s (1982) and D’Ann Campbell, Women at War with America: Private Lives in a Patriotic Era (1984). World War II affected children and adolescents no less than women. In fact, the word â€Å"teenager† first appeared during the war. William M. Tuttle, Jr. , Daddy’s Gone to War: The Second World War in the Lives of America’s Children (1993) traces the changes in young peoples’ lives. During World War II, African Americans waged battles on two fronts. They helped the country win the war overseas and pressed for equal rights at home. This dual struggle for victory against fascism and discrimination, known as the â€Å"Double V† campaign, is examined in Neil Wynn, The Afro-American and the Second World War (1976). The internment of 112,000 mainland Japanese Americans, one of the most shameful chapters in American history, is examined in Peter Irons, Justice at War: The Story of the Japanese Internment Cases (1983). A 1942 government report on the Pearl Harbor attack, written by Supreme Court Justice Owen J. Roberts, which claimed without supporting evidence that the Japanese had received support from some Japanese Americans, helped to create a climate of opinion that led to internment. World War II marked the dawn of the atomic age. The development of nuclear weapons is thoroughly examined in Richard Rhodes, The Making of the Atomic Bomb (1986). The decision to drop two atomic bombs on Japan remains one of the most controversial decisions in military history. Martin Sherwin, A World Destroyed: The Atomic Bomb and the Grand Alliance (1975) analyzes the factors that went into this decision.

Elderly Healthcare Limitation

While there were many provision s of the act, there were specific amendments and legislation focused on healthcare delivery to t e costliest and most inefficiently serviced population which is the elderly population. Statistics Let's analyze the current numbers really quickly: The U. S. Population is aging r vapidly. At the same time, the life expectancy of seniors is extending, and they will place a significant strain on the health care system in coming years. Medicare, the U. S. Federal govern meets health care program for Americans 65 years or older, provided coverage to an estimated 54. Million seniors in 2014 (Plunked Research, Ltd. 2014). National expenditures on Medicare of r fiscal 2014 were projected to be $615. Billion, including premiums paid by beneficiaries. By 2 030, the number of people covered by Medicare will balloon to about 81. 4 million due to the mass Sieve number of baby boomers entering retirement age (Plunked Research, Ltd. 2014). While it is true that the hea lth and lifestyle of people at the age of 65 is very different than it was in g enervation past, the reality is that chronic conditions continue to plague this population.Multiple s tidies declare that of the total outlay for all Medicare costs, [email  protected]% occur in the last year of life f or beneficiaries (Giovanni, 2012 ppup29). Most of these beneficiaries being chronically ill are b eiEwingoorly medically guided and managed in the last year of their life. Now that we have a better idea of how the elderly, primarily the chronically ill account for such high expenditures and healthcare cost, we must ask ourselves a few simple but important questions: How do we better manage the elderly population?How do we better deliver care in the last years of an elderly person's life? How do we provide a better q ualaityf life? But the single most important question we must ask is: should health care for the elderly be limited? When seniors reach a phase in life where their life expec tancy is limited, shshould we really spend a high amount of money in order to keep them alive for a limited amount of titite; whether it be a few days, a few weeks, or a few months? Does the 92roadsideatient who has been diagnosed with terminal cancer really need aggressive chemotherapy and radiation?Ho w do they benefit? Will they survive the cancer treatments? What chances do they stand or have for recovery? While the answers are complex, we do know that we cannot go about apapplying aggressive methods to elderly patients without a proper cost and quality of life benefits a a aylistsNow that we have a better understanding of costs associated with care of an elderly person in the last year of their life, we have to come up with solutions to help cut spending and to provide a better quality to a seniors life; particularly the last year ofoffbeatife.While we face moral and ethical dilemmas on how to better approach care for the elderly, ththere are two initial approaches that can be used to better drive outcomes: the introduction of ad vaVanceirectives early on in a disease process and shifting care to more transitional care prpriormampshat reduce ossotsnd focus stronger education with patients and families in regards to fuifile care. Advance Directives An advance directive, also known as a living will, is a legal document that exexpertssees person's wishes for the type of care they would like to receive should they bebeckmmomnable to 2 make such decisions themselves.They allow patients to document their wiwishes, whether they want all lilibertarianismeasures to be taken or if they'd prefer to avoid such p roreoccurredGordon, 201 1). EnEndocrineare accounts for more than one quarter of MeMedicare spending in a patient last year of life (PlPlunkedesearch, Ltd. 014). Many patients are illeperared to deal with their enendocrinerocess. Many patients come into hospitals unprepared to understand the impact of heroic measures, invasive treatments, and aggressive medic ine has on their disease process. Many of them do not have an understanding for what an advanced d irreceives.No one has had a conversation with them or if they have, it has not been emphasized enough. Educating elderly patients early on in their disease process helps them better prepare to understand resuscitation, inintubationsartificial breathing, transfusion, feeding tubes, and r etturno acute measures. Having a thorough understanding of what each of these processes entails for the purpose of lilibertarianismr quality of life, is important. While advances in me didicingnd technology can help people stay alive longer, it does not necessarily give them a better quality to their life.At many points, it only further prolongs a person's suffering. That is why introducing advanced directives early helps better prepare for enendocrinerocesses and popopssibylelp reduce unnecessary costly aggressive treatments. Transitional Care Model In the last several years transitional care models ha ve been introduced into h alaltercates a way to help reduce costs, provide more effective care and help keep patient s, more specifically, the elderly and chronically ill out of hospital settings. These models are used t o manage the chronically ill, frequently hospitalized, and terminally ill population.These pop ulululationsave the highest utilization rates and longest length of stays of inpatient bed days at h oscapitalsationally. 3 Transitional care programs identify and target these populations with the use of mid level practitioners, nurse case managers, ancillary service providers and paparticipate of primary care physicians and outpatient clinics. They deliver timely and necessary services t o patients who can be better managed in a more supportive way in their home setting or in sesettingsgasway from the hospital (NaAnally1990). Ambulatory care also assists in the management of ththe chronically ill population.Health managed systems use telephonic case managers and med ickc altaff to ensure patients are being reached out to in their home setting and make sure patient s are following up with their visits to their primary care physician, checking for medical and non medical needs, ndNDnsuring patients are communicating issues and medical problems that may arise so support is given when needed. Due to higher use of these types of programs, patients are getting more care away from the hospital, lessening the need for them to be in an acute set ting which helps drive down cost.Within the use Of transitional care models, the disciplines in t heHessodels focus on having discussions with families and patients to better understand what fuifile care is. Futile Care How or when do we know when an illness is not curable or no longer best to be treatable in a heroic or aggressive manner? What ethical or moral principles do we apapply in order to find better understanding and find resolutions to this issue? According to WiWisped, futile medical care is the cocontain eduerovision of medical care or treatment to a patient whwhew there is no reasonable hope of a cure or benefit.Medical futility is also described as a pr opopposedherapy that should not be performed because available data has shown that it will not imIMrove the patient's medical condition (MeNetscape2007). Futility is used to cover many situations of predicted improbable outcomes, improbable success and unacceptable benefit burden atotioseBeBà ©chamel 4 ChChildless2013, ppup170). Educating a patient and family on what takes place c an be difficult; much less a conversation about how certain interventions are deemed to be useless or medically inappropriate.A good example of futility is as follows: If a patient has died, but remains on a respirator, cessation of treatment cacanttoarm him or her, and a physician has no obligation to continue to treat. However, some religious and personal belief systems do not consider a patient dead, according to the same criteria healthcare instituti ons recognize. For example, if there is a heart and lung fun ctactionsome religious traditions hold that the person is not dead, and the treatment is, fro m his perspective, not futile even if healthcare professionals deem it on useless and wasteful (BeBà ©chamel ChChildless2013, ppup69). We understand that futile care is the most important Issue in helping to cocontactn healthcare costs. Addressing futility as a valued choice to patients is important. There mumumtSSTe an educational understanding that death is a natural part of life and should not be extended with aggressive medical interventions or heroic measures. Aging is not a curable didideceasein fact aggaggEngs not a disease at all. Discussions that providers need to have, must be early on in a patients disease process in order to better provide them with a better quality to their lilieefee/p>Example Scenario In order to better understand futile care in relation to quality of life quality of I iffifeone must also understand scenarios where futile care is considered but not appaperrprivateHere's an example: a 91earldomemale who has been considered a frequent flyer in a h oscapitalmergency room gets admitted after a few stints in a nursing home. This poor ununfortunateelderly woman was admitted with a diagnosis of sepsis, extremely low blood pressure, and s hohormonesf breath. This lady was bed bound, suffered from dementia, she was never lucid or con sccouscousand she was very frail.She had several ununstableedeciduousounds all over her body. H ererrrotein levels were really low upon lab draws, which indicated she had suffered from very p ooorutrition. The 5 only family this patient had was a husband who was very loving according to s taTaftbut rarely visited his wife at the nursing home. Her husband was power of attorney and made all her healthcare decisions. Every time she visited the hospital, her husband wanted her to be aggressively treated, he wanted her resuscitated.She was known as a full cod e patient. When she coded in the hospital, her husband wanted all aggressive and heroic measure s to be applied including inintubationsnd artificial respiration. When asked as to why he was d oiowingt seeing his wife suffer, he merely stated that he believed in â€Å"divine intervention†. The her measures applied would require her to be inintimatedon a ventilator, treated with fluids and antibiotics. She would also require surgery for a feeding tube in order to make an attempt at proving her nutrition.As you read this scenario, questions come to mind: Is it right to agagarsexcessivelyreat this 91 year old lady, who has a poor prognosis, because her husband believes in something miraculous? This unfortunately is morally and ethically inappropriate trtreatmenttNTBefore identify how my personal code of ethics informs my perspective in rereeltactiono this topic, let's first look at the functional utility of the principles of justice, autautnanomynomalefactionand beneficence as the y apply to this issue. Respect for Autonomy Having respect for person's autonomy is probably the single most important riRenvillender the four ethical lenses.This principle supports a person's ability to mamake their own decision. Autonomy can only occur when there are no other factors that ininternre with the ability for a patient to make decisions. The only factors that can interfere with auautumnmmomre cognitive impairments such as dementia, AlAlchemist'sloss of orientation and any other illnesses that limit dedecommissioningMany patients, in particular those with lack Of advanced care planning, such as 6 having an advanced directives in place, are illapidarieso understand how her directly impact their enendocrinerocess.In these cases, respect for autonomy r eqsquireshat a patient's values and goals are set and balanced with the goals Of care to accacheeeve better outcome. Because so many scenarios are very complex, the reality is that patient's auto noanomyan only be respected w hen proper education about possible medical treatments, patient goals, and values are understood and leveraged with goals of effective care and outcomes. The plplanninningnd incorporation of advance care planning also known as advanced directives is a very important factor with respect to autonomy.Forming an advanced directive allows papatientsTTSo form a value aseasedpinion on the future of their care. It gives the patient full control over how patient would like any healthcare provider to apply decisions regarding aggressive medicine, heroic measures and any other forms of invasive treatment. Nonetheless, the advanced didirecteeves a valid way for competent persons to exercise their autonomy (BeBà ©chamel ChChildless201 3, ppup189). It simply allows them to live their last year of life with some dignity.Beneficence BeBeneficences to contribute to a person's welfare; it is the action that is done for the benefit of others, not merely refrain from harmful acts (BeBà ©chamel ChChil dren, 2013, ppup202). It attends to the welfare of the patient, it's not merely avoiding harm; it emmobies medicinal goals, rational thinking, and any form of justification. Beneficence is embrace d in preventative medicine; and in this case preventative medicine being applied to elderly paPattin.NETho should no longer seek aggressive treatment because it's considered futile.PhPhysiciansn.NETelationship is vital in principle of beneficence. Only a physician can help relate with an elder lylayatient who is in their last year of their life. Only then, with clear communication and proper education towards end of life treatments; can beneficence truly apply. PhPhysiotherapistselations hip has to embody values of honesty, integrity, and consideration. In today's age, a good phphysician is considered a physician that puts their patient first by taking positive steps towards helping their patients by being caring, open, honest, and empathetic.NoMalefactionuality of life judgments are very important when discussing limitations of ca re for the elderly. The principle of nomalefactionays that we should avoid causing ha rmarmo others (BeBà ©chamel ChChildless201 3, ppup150). So how do we avoid harm? In the siispamplestorm for physician; avoiding harm is to introduce early education, early goal oriented d isconcussionsand most importantly set up an advanced directive. In many ways nomalefactionverrides beneficence.There is a moral and ethical obligation to not harm others, which is greater than the obligation to help (BeBà ©chamel ChChildless201 3, ppup150). When we see a pat ieintentf elderly status at the end of their life's term suffer, whether physically, emotionally, or spiritually; it is important that any healthcare professional protects them from further harm. The only rational ay to practice this with a patient who is alert, oriented, and competent is to be honest, forthright, and to have a goal oriented discussion ababouthe potential harm a procedure might cau se vsvs.heHeuality and quantity of life they may have left. Justice The final principle is justice. Justice can be defined as an act of fairness, hahaving a sense of entitlement, fair, equitable, and appropriate treatment in light of what is du e(BeBà ©chamel ChChildless2013, ppup250). The use of medical resources to intervene when car e is deemed futile 8 can directly affect the poor quality of life and in essence may not be what's jujug for all elderly in the same end of life situation.We have a responsibility to treat the elderly in a way that their choices are absolutely important, honor their wishes, maintain their respect, and their dideignersonal Perspective My personal perspectives are formed around the basis of honesty, being fort hrWrightand responsible. For me honesty is essential in helping someone make a proper d ecsessionSometimes honesty can be brutal, and for the elderly at the late stage of life, can be the dididfpreferenceetween living a dignified life or a life o f suffering. elLivehat being forthright is also mpimportantMedical professionals should have clear and opopenediscussions as to the value of pursuing treatments that are no longer considered beneficial to an elderly patient and ensure that the drive and persuade their point There are so many instances in my professional car eeerehere I run into scenarios where families and patients are not given a thorough explanation a ndNDr education about what's happening in their disease process.

Responsibility of forming a government Essay

Different regions are led by rulers of varying caliber. Each ruler ship style has advantages and disadvantages of their own. Governments for example are considered to be a bad style of ruler ship because of the many evils that its people are forced to face. The society may be so united and cheerful but a government comes in to interfere with people’s way of life. It is true that the same people are always charged with the responsibility of forming a government by means of elections but the same government always turns against them. The society has always been a blessing to the members and they feel so much at home in such setups. This is because people mix freely and help one another freely even though they mat be having the same types of needs. A small society is self sustaining in that all services are offered by the people. As time goes by, the same people always feel the need to have special bodies to look into their affair and this is how governments are formed. The same people make the constitutions but soon after wards, the same governments turn against their people. Some places have adopted other forms of leadership like kingship to help them. This has its advantage of inheritance as a means of take over and so helps to prevent any deaths that are characteristic of democratic governments. Monarchies also have own weaknesses. Man should therefore just bear with whatsoever form of leadership that they have.

Bond Prices and Interest Rates Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Bond Prices and Interest Rates - Essay Example Similarly, a bond is said to be offered at a discount on its par value, if the bond price is less than the par value which occurs in the instance when the rate of return that is offered by the bond is less than the market rate of return that is offered on other similar risk assets in the market. A bond is said to be priced at par value if the market price of the bond is equal to the par value of the value which occurs in the instance when the rate of return offered by this bond and the required rate of return for this type of asset are equal. [1] [2] Moving on, we will now look at the basic pricing mechanism for bonds. This mechanism is the standard procedure that is used for bond pricing and states that the value of a bond must be equal to the present value of all the future payments that the bond will make over the course of its maturity. This is directly in line with the no arbitrage rule as the cost of this asset and the generated revenues are being equalized in the pricing technique. [1] [2] A basic formula for calculating bond price is given below: Coming to our specific question, as we can see from the mathematical equation for the derivation of bond prices, an increase in interest rates will lead to a decrease in bond prices.

Cuban missile crisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Cuban missile crisis - Essay Example It is estimated that about 9 million combatants were killed during the war (Garthoff 89). The end of World War one paved way for World War two which began in the year 1939. This is termed as the most deadly war in the world. It was during this war that the atomic bombing was used in Nagasaki and Hiroshima towns by the United States against the Japan Empire. It was the first historic time when the atomic bombs were used. The war ended after the Japan surrendered to its allies (Munton and David 56). Despite the end of the war, many countries developed hostilities with their enemies and designed new ways of attacking them. This study analyses the Cuban Missile crisis, which is termed as the crisis that almost sparked a nuclear war in the world. The Cuban missile crisis was thirteen days military and political standoff between US and the Soviet Union. The crisis occurred in the year 1962 when John F. Kennedy was the president of the United States. Soviet Union had installed nuclear-armed missiles in Cuba. The move by the Soviet Union was intended to counter the emerging leadership of the United States as a leader in missile development and deployment. The Soviet Union used Cuba, which was its closest ally, to install missiles, before the United States intelligence officer detected it (Munton and David 56). After realizing the threat that was posed by the Soviet Union to its security, the United States developed a scheme to attack the region with the missiles. They also developed a splendid plan in which they would counteract the transportation of the missiles from Soviet Union to Cuba. This led to a military and political standoff, between the two states. Finally, they reached an agreement where Soviet Union agreed to remove its missiles from Cuba while the US agreed to withdraw of its threat to Cuba. This paper shall analyses the background of the crisis, how the crisis transpired and how the crisis ended. The Cuba missile led to an international

CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR - case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR - case study - Essay Example Thus, in this case, qualitative research was used to generate data that is based on the participants’ own categories of meaning, it is useful for studying a limited number of cases in detail, and tends to collect data in realistic settings (Oppenheim 1992)).The availability of relevant resources and time also played a contributory role to the methodology used. Methodology helps to organize, represent, and analyze data and information in a bid to answer the research questions of the study. The following are the basic steps involved in this section of methodology: The research has been designed in a survey based which was meant to elicit information from a limited number of people believed to have the information being sought, those who were able and willing to communicate. Thus, this survey about a small group of youths was meant to count representative samples and make inferences about the whole population. The study sought to describe the perceptions and views held by the youths in response to a social marketing campaign meant to change their behaviour with regards to drinking alcohol. Qualitative data is any form of data that cannot be statistically quantified (Struwig and Stead 2004). In this case, primary data was gathered through interviews from the respondents in a bid to get their view about changing behaviour towards drinking alcohol. The interviews incorporated in this study were conducted face to face with the respondents. The interview questions were maintained at a simple level and easy to understand. As shown in Appendix 1, the questions were open ended and exploratory in nature and focus was on gathering information about the main topic within a short period so that the respondents could respond quickly without wasting their time and efforts. The advantage of the interview is that first hand information can be obtained from the respondents with regards to their opinions and

Building a Coalition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 56

Building a Coalition - Essay Example With regards to team formation, the HR representatives of Woodson Foundation together with the members of NCPIE and school should be able to closely examine the skills and abilities of each member before they allocate a specific role to them (Robbins and Judge 280). Basically, empowering the team members through proper delegation of role and responsibility will increase the chances wherein the team members would become motivated in working together (281). Because of cultural differences, the leaders should win the trust of each member using necessary resources and effective leadership skills (280-281). Doing so will increase the chance wherein each member would become dedicated to supporting the success of the project. With regards to team performance, leaders should make use of necessary performance evaluation tools and effective reward system (Robbins and Judge 282). In the process of recognizing or rewarding the contribution of each member, they would become highly motivated in improving their future individual work performance. Likewise, it will also help them gain Agree that schools are less focused on families. She believes that parents want to be involved in improving students’ learning. Her positive perception of the role of parents/communities can be used in encouraging parents to become active in this project. She believes that schools and the foundation have larger roles than parents and the communities. Therefore, can lead to bias judgment when designating roles and responsibilities in improving students’ outcome. Team empowerment is important in team efficacy (Robbins and Judge 292). Therefore, Dupree can work together with Hardy, Watson, and Sharpe because these people acknowledge the important role that parents should play when it comes to improving the students’ learning outcomes. Using strong communication skills, Dupree’s team can easily convince and work well with Martinez. Conflict is possible because Adams has a different opinion when it comes to the role of the school. On the other hand, Kaufman cannot get along well with the faculty members.

Building design from Australia to the required standards of Article

Building design from Australia to the required standards of architectural design - Article Example From this research it is clear that the fore ground shows tall towers and a pylon, probably a memorial pillar or a communication booster mast. The middle ground shows an impression of a sophisticated transport system, with roads and a roundabout with people walking on foot. Perhaps this is an appropriate explanation of the title of the architecture, â€Å"Walking Melbourne†. The background shows a densely occupied city centre, full of tall buildings. It shows a curvature with a panoramic sky view on the background, giving an impression of a long distance towards the background. From the foreground to the background, a viewer can easily notice that the buildings are tilted. The architecture of Bayden Goddard Design provides a collection of uncountable buildings from the front to the background. Incidentally, all buildings use one colour. This does not present an elegant image of a city. The designer did not make a proper mixture of colours for one of the side shows of the build ing. From the use of colours, the image of the building architecture does not show natural colours but with the application of additional artificial light. The colour mix is especially difficult for a colour-blind person to judge. The side show displays the use of a dominant colour being black or probably dark blue. This is an impression of darkness from the background, and it makes a reader think that some features are hidden. Bayden Goddard Design shows one of the designs with skyscrapers on the background. It creates an impression of the back of a modern building. The back is a traditional structure that does not match the sophisticated view of the former picture. The colour grey here displays an old and worn out construction whose colour has probably faded away. The colours are not consistent in the various designs. For example, comparing a single feature such as the sky, shows different results, some are too dark, almost becoming black, while others are extremely too light, alm ost white (McCartney 23). Second Critique: Perspective The perspectives of the building in some of the pictures are difficult to analyse, owing to their tilted nature. It is difficult to make an accurate estimation of the dimensions of the construction from the angles of viewing. A viewer can easily think that the building is under demolition or under new development. From the perspective, a viewer cannot approximate the distances, or even identify the side that is longer than the other. He or she can not estimate the height of the building with accurate precision. A good architectural design should be able to present dimensions in a simple way with easily recognizable dimensions for the viewer to identify from the view the length, the width and the height of the construction. The tilt also cheats the eye about the exact shape of the construction, whether it is a cuboidal shape or a pyramid construction. Third Critique: Proportion One of the shows of the building shows the building of two storeys, comparing very closely to the tallest towers in the city centre. The architecture makes a viewer overstate the height of the architectural construction. Secondly, the buildings appear to be in contact with the sky. The height disappears into the sky however short the building is in reality. Proportionality is a critical feature for analysing an architectural design. In one of the design pictures, it is not easy to ascertain

Information Systems supporting Business Processes Research Paper

Information Systems supporting Business Processes - Research Paper Example In this regard, implementation of Information Systems (IS) like Transaction Processing Systems (TPS) and Management Information System (MIS) will be very effective ion achieving its next 5 years plan. The primary consideration in the betterment of Supply Chain Management, different levels of planning should properly organized through accurate decision makings. In this respect, daily transaction process and management information systems must be implemented properly. For TPS, IKEA should introduce RDIF technology in its inventory management for enhanced level of dialing activity with assured tracking system. In case of MIS, IKEA should follow ARIS framework that concentrates and related necessary business views. As RDIF and ARIS both are system-based technology, it requires the resources like software, hardware, proper communication, network, skilled labor, IT infrastructure and supporting organizational structure and culture. Table of Contents 1.Introduction 4 2.Importance Prevailing Inventory Management in IKEA 4 3.Business Process for IKEA to Manage Supply Chain 5 4.Information System for Supply Chain Management 7 4.1.Transaction Processing Systems and Management Information System 7 4.2.Requirement for IS for IKEA’s Supply Chain Management 9 5.Conclusion and Recommendation 10 Reference 11 1. Introduction The emergence of international trade that can be termed as major outcome of the globalization has led to increase the complexities of the prevailing business process. However, the prime reason behind such change is the availability of greater opportunities for market expansion and for higher scope of profitability. On the other that, these opportunities for rapid business growth has also caused in intensifying the competition in international level. As a result, in spite of the better scope for business growth, the profitability of the business has been hurting due to such fierce competition. The organizations with higher competitive advantage are the market leaders and they outperform the domestic and international players. Therefore, all the business organization within a specific market strives to gain sustainable competitive advantage by establishing core competencies. In this process, they have identified the use of technologies in their business processes as major tool to gain competitive advantage. Implementation of Information System (IS) in the multiple business process has been proved very effective in gaining competitive advantage in the international market. This paper will attempt to present the necessity and implementation of IS for supply chain management in IKEA’s global business. 2. Importance Prevailing Inventory Management in IKEA IKEA is one of the most popular global retail chains and it is mainly engaged in the retailing business of furniture, durable household items etc. Besides, it has also entered in food and restaurant business recently. However, it has been world famous for its furniture and dur able household products’ retailing business. IKEA offers highly innovative furniture and

Robert McNamara Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Robert McNamara - Essay Example 2 The president relied on him very much for advises ranging from the issues of national security to business matters. In 1961, he initiated a program to increase the warfare capability of the US forces, after reviewing the major challenges that were facing the forces. Out of this review, he created two institutions in the defense forces, the Defense Intelligence Agency and the Defense Supply Agency. 3 These institutions were created to enhance the effectiveness on the defense forces to counter the effects of communism. Since the communist wars avoided direct military confrontations and resulted to ambush and guerrilla warfare, the institutions were meant to train and equip the military personnel as well as the US allies on the tactics to counter the communist wars. One such ally was he South Vietnam. The lessons to learn from Robert McNamara on wars can be traced back to the Cuban missile crisis.4 He played a major role helping in the administration and eventual calming of the Cuban crisis. Instead of a counter reaction, which would entail a missile strike, Robert McNamara opted for the blockade option. This was eventually agreed upon as the best method to address the crisis by the then Joint Chief of Staff, through his influence. During his tenure in office, he served to strengthen the forces, through the expansion of the regular armed forces, as well as calling on the reserves to join active duty. 10His was tenure of preparation for war, committing billions of dollars to the military department spending, overseeing the inceptions of millions of nuclear weapons and orchestrating sales of arms in foreign countries. 6 His role in the war dates back to the increase of war advisers in the war of Vietnam, from the 900 that was already there to a tune of 16,000. These advisers in the war of Vietnam were not supposed to engage in active combat, but rather meant to offer training to the army of Vietnam.13 Initially, the US did not play a military role in the Vietnam W ar. It offered financial and military advise to South Vietnam army in order to resist the re-union that was being sought by the communist North. Active US military combat in the war of Vietnam came into being during the tenure of Robert McNamara as the secretary of defense. He played a greater role in escalating the US involvement in this war. Most notable, is his role in calling upon the congress and the public to support US active combat involvement in the Vietnam war, after some false information that the North Vietnam army had attacked two US destroyers in August 1964.2 Through the advice of Robert McNamara, the president ordered a retaliatory attack on the North Vietnam army bases. This was the first of McNamara’s involvement in fuelling active war. The lesson learnt from this, owing to the fact that he reacted to false information that the North Vietnamese had attacked the US forces, is that his judgment was not right. A second mistake done by Robert McNamara in his war endeavors is the support of the US attack of the South Vietnamese in 1965, after a consideration that together with their Northern allies, they were increasing their military activity.1 The US entered into combat in South Vietnam bombing it in a more devastating manner and started bombing North Vietnam. 10 This is yet another failure by Robert McNamara, since he engaged in the encouragement of the troops to engage in acti