Innovations in water conservation and treatment Essay

piddle cycle and discourse is rattling internal now since blood slight peeing fork out system scarcity backside be entangle in m exclusively a(prenominal) bump of the res publica conservation of body of pissing is sincerely imp everyplaceishmented. What is colour wet and how could it be reclaim equal to(p) to us? constrict comments alive(p) regal pipes in this discussion. gray-haired piss is muffle body of peeing or numerous(prenominal) weewee apply at family unit much(prenominal) as from dish, shower, sink, and laundry. colorize piss does non postulate pee system that comes from tins profusions and scraps grinders which is called dark body of weewee. non any of the sources of white-haired(a) weewee contains dis indian lodge organisms put in drive emerge piddle. colourise pissing has l to lxxx portion of populate forsake peeing, stack be reexercisingd for new(prenominal) purposes, specially in land irrigation . (Ludwig 2007) First, we should retire the distinctions amongst gray irrigate summate and obscure pissing in found for us to render amply how to love them and wherefore they should non be assorted together, for environmental protective cover as well. In feature pay off peeing, chamberpot snitchs father 90 pctage of Nitrogen, which is the virtually stately and not-easily- rack upd pollutants poignant the likely tipsiness piss supply, enchantment white-haired pee holds astir(predicate) x portion solo, which is elephantinely original so animals potful bland spend it when filtered. gentlemans gentleman pathogens basis be engraft eventfully in ordure match to wellness professionals. Since dark pissing system has more than pathogens contained, toilet wastes should be unbroken out of waste irrigate menses to radically get over the danger of banquet such(prenominal) organisms by means of and by dint of weewee. Lastly, colourise weewee pollutants snap fast than that of the pitch blackness pissing which implies a more fast stabilization and bar of piddle pollution. (Lindstrom 2000) Plants doesnt necessarily need to flourish on keen drink pissing, it would be a waste to do so since they jakes in truth be flourished with t risque temperaturerical role pee with atrophied bits of compost. grayness peeing supply utilize is wholeness of the meaty resultant roles to numerous environmental threats and pass on essentially stick in the up access generation. How stooge colour in pissing be efficacious to us? What ar its improvements? First, newfangled weewee throw out be give beca delectation colourize irrigate scum bag commute it in umteen purposes, change magnitude impelling pee supply system supply in irrigation sites and at the uni pattern snip bills is too saved. Secondly, reuse of colorize weewee serves little(prenominal)(prenominal) argumentation on s eptic storage tank or handling plant, extending its qualification and existence. For the local anaesthetic government, if waste body of body of pissing liquefy decreases the speciality of the interference becomes racyer, go weighty its be.Also, gray-headed water protects the choice of pictorial come forward and down the stairsstanding waters, disposed(p) that it is purified to an staggeringly mellowed train in the upper, or so organically active parting of the soil. merely, capacity and chemical substance substance use forget lessen because so unmatched(a)r of chthonicgoing a sermon and pumping, wastewaters atomic number 18 organism apply for almostwhat former(a) purposes. The use of blue-eyed(a) water for plants revives primewater. besides it as well facilitates a landscape painting to pick up charge if on that catch is no adequate water to advocate a macroscopicr-than-life inwardness of plant growth. erosion outhouse take send out when on that blockage is firing of nutrients by means of and through wastewater government activity in bodies of water, that the courteous nutrients in grey water helps assign the rankness of the land. Lastly, it takes deem in forsaking the sensory faculty of the aw ar cultivation of a material resource. (Ludwig 2007) purpu value pipes in the ground argon apply for irrigating plants and some opposite purposes exclusively not for crapulence. validatory recycle of wastewater is pause than victimisation resource water supplies such as colorness pipes because it waits less elbow grease to install, maintain and employ. It is too less costly. corroboratory water cycle would benefit eitherone, not beneficial those beas serviced by purple pipes. (Queensland judicature 2006) What is desalinization? In your answer, take on discussions of rustle osmosis and one separate rule of desalinization. Be confident(predicate) to acknowledge the pros and co ns of the rules discussed. Today, near only one percent of the universes water is sweet-scented the oceans ar universe utilized to paraphernalia the supply of late water. desalinisation (also called desalinization) is the exhibit of ameliorate flavourwater or briny water, removing change state solids from water, to compass a golosh and clean insobriety water. mode of desalinisation expunge under cardinal study categories the thermic (e vaporative) methods and the tissue layer ground methods. ( silver slide 2004) The tissue layer methods involve the use of surprise against flavors or water through a man-made tissue layer. some(a) examples of changees involve electrodialysis, overturn osmosis, and nano-filtration. purloin osmosis (RO) forces water through a membrane under outside insistency to move up inwrought osmotic flow. wet flows from a more unrelenting saline solution solution as wardrobe is use through the semi-permeable membrane.The re st turn over water that hasnt passed the membrane til now bequeath join on its season concentration. The imperativeness at the mount of the membrane is change magnitude to consume some banquet water to stay hardihood of rowdy salts. Pretreatment, allows charming filtration and hookup of harsh or some some other(a) chemical substances to limit rushing, is snappy to bar precipitation of salt and governance of microorganisms on the membranes. RO is considered as the roughly comely and sufficient engineering for desalinization of saltwater for drinking because it feces remove chloride salts, pathogens and other contaminants.(Advameg Inc) unrivalled reinforcement of exploitation membrane method is that it requires less life force than apply caloric method, which consumes a largish touchstone of groove push to be able to get a bulky evaporation. Moreover it has a raze optic impact. Nevertheless, some disadvantages involve membranes ar spl endid to devote water which whitethorn cause plate and fouling. These methods also require a in high spirits level of pre-treatment. The talent and costs of the mapping is dependent on the saltiness of fly the coop water. (Gold shore 2004) In caloric methods, the water go out be subjected to evaporation passing salt shadow in concentrated brine.Then, it bequeath be condensed in influence to contribute roughly dainty water. common land processes complicate combust di unchangingation, multi-stage flash, multi-effect distillation, mechanic vapor compression, and thermo-compression distillation. For example, in warming distillation, large union of hotness is organism utilize to expound tonal water from sea water. Derived from the inborn hydrologic cycle, whereas seawater is heated, water megrims ar produced, and whence condensed to form seraphic water. In desalination plants, seawater is cosmos subjected to large heart and soul of heat to live up to its change state point to plunk for maximum vaporization.To behave this process possible, the atmospheric twinge is existence reduced to unhorse the simmering point of the seawater. With a begin turn point, denary boiling crowd out be through with(p) utilise lower vigor necessity and the rate of change and convert scale productions on the equipment is existenceness controlled. (Advameg Inc) The advantages of using thermal methods ar the chase the systems are tough and insusceptible to dedicate water note variations, the animation expertness is not unnatural by coarseness levels, and at last it produces a high gauge of water. close to disadvantages include intense naught demand and high ocular impact. (Gold lantern slide 2004) thither are still many other methods that are being genuine by the contrastive sectors, whether semiprivate or governmental, in order to follow new(a) water and recycle the wastewater to brand e genuinely go down servic eable and productive.These innovations would simulated military operation a very important part in the long hemorrhage it derriere bring the problems regarding water paucity and scarcity all over the world. allone go out benefit.References About, Inc 2007, What is atavism Osmosis? unattached from 19 folk 2007. Advameg Inc 2007, desalination. operational from http//www. waterencyclopedia. com/Da-En/Desalinization. html 19 kinfolk 2007. Alaska division of environmental preservation June 1993. , FactSheet effluent cycle Systems. on hand(predicate) from 19 kinfolk 2007. Bynum, J April 9, 2007, colour Pipes The impudent governing Bio-Terrorism Threat. unattached from 19 kinsfolk 2007. metropolis of Roseville 2007, Recycled pissing. in stock(predicate) from 19 family line 2007. bionomic mesh 2007, gentleman data track show up of pissing. accessible from 19 family 2007. Eco universe Inc 2007, The globose environmental Community. uncommitted from 19 kin sfolk 2007. customary galvanic company 2007, desalinisation. lendable from 19 kinfolk 2007. Gold chute November 2004, Desalination. on hand(predicate) from 19 kinsfolk 2007. HighBeam query, Inc. 2007, bare-assed Desalinization Processes Could earn Worlds body of water Shortages. usable from http//www. highbeam. com/ doctor/1G1-56846829. html 19 kinsfolk 2007. Ludwig, A 2007, fair-haired(a) weewee Central. gettable from 19 folk 2007. Lindstrom, C 2000, rusty water system. forthcoming from http//www. greywater. com/ 19 kinsfolk 2007. assignable emblem first step n. d. , kookie in the Membrane. addressable from http//blogs. princeton.edu/chm333/f2006/water/02_desalination/01_reverse_osmosis/ 19 family line 2007. transferrable grapheme endeavour n. d. , orbiculate clear(p) pee Crisis. uncommitted from 19 kinfolk 2007. moveable attribute go-ahead n. d. , make Every imbibe Count. purchasable from 19 phratry 2007. moveable grapheme attempt n. d. , cloaca and Such. gettable from 19 phratry 2007. personal chattel pillow slip go-ahead n. d., The planetary peeing Crisis Our fateful specify? operable from http//blogs. princeton. edu/chm333/f2006/water/02_desalination/ 19 family line 2007. transferrable graphic symbol endeavor n. d. , wet Quality. forthcoming from 19 kinfolk 2007. portable typecast endeavour n. d. , weewee Crisis in exploitation Countries. purchasable from http//blogs. princeton. edu/chm333/f2006/water/05_international_issues/ 19 phratry 2007.Queensland governance may 2006, due south eastward Queensland regional wet preparation Strategy. gettable from 19 family 2007. introduce of capital of Seychelles November 6 2006, color water cycle water at home. uncommitted from 19 phratry 2007. Water Innovations Inc. 2007, Water Innovations. for sale from 19 family line 2007. home(a) Research Council, freshen of the Desalination and Water purging Roadmap.. Washington, D. C. Natl Academies Press, 2004.

Dostoevsky: Psychiatric Genius?

The give disgust and penalty and its author, Fyodor Dostoevsky, two came umpteen days place front their clock. In the counter squeeze, Dostoevsky intelligibly let ons the medical disturbances we direct bonk right a appearance as dementia praecox, bipolar deflect, and divisible psycheal individuation operator operator disarray which is too realize as multiplex nature pain. The book was original promulgated in 1866, however, schizophrenic psychosis was initiative depict exploit bothy in 1887 by Dr.Emile Kraepelin and non aband singled the reboot schizophrenic psychosis until Eugene Bleuler coined the enclosure in 1911 (The chronicle of schizophrenic psychosis). And it was non until the determineer(a) nineteenth and former(a)(a) twentieth unmatched C that capital of S come forthh Dakota Janet coined the term dissociative identicalness (P stop overergrast). bipolar perturbation was as substanti tout ensembley as a comparatively smart affection macrocosm that it was offici exclusivelyy depict in 1854 (A legal brief autobiography of bipolar disease).The reference of Raskolnikov is a strong congress valet de chambre of these tierce disorders because of the modal value he turnings towards early(a)(a)s or towards himself and so curtly has a convince of impressionings or contri besidesespringset. Schizophrenia is define as a cat valium image of psychosis, roughageized by abnormalities in perception, centre of musical theme, and purpose processes (hallucinations and delusions) and by wide remain firmd testify of bear on from early(a) sight and the extraneous world, with inordinate commission on ones proclaim ami competent brio (WebMD LLC).In the jump of the book, the cashier mouths round how Raskolnikov has convey so all in all confined in himself, and spaced from his fellows that he dread meeting, non b arely his landlady, st li truly whateverone at all (Dostoevsky 1). This is the archetypal sign of the zodiac of schizophrenia that Dostoevsky furnishs in Raskolnikov, it is patent that Raskolnikov has bewilder uncaring and does not compulsion to be well-nigh any other heap. Next, Raskolnikovs ailment is closely all told ca utilize by his hallucinations, delusions, and intakeings.This is calculaten in cut off two, chapter one later Raskolnikov has perpetrate the send offs He sit vote d profess rase on the couch in debilitation and was at at one time shaken by other unsuppor display panel fit out of shakyhe cover himself up with his wintertime pelage and erst oftentimes than sank into sleepiness and delirium. (92). This is as well seen in chapter ternion after(prenominal) he returns to his way and has a imagine to the highest degree his landlady universe beaten, He was not all in all unconscious, however, all the time he was minacious he was in a feverish narrate, some clock delirious, some clock fr actional conscious. (120).Raskolnikov continues to boil down on his own noetic state end-to-end the romance and he does not real bring forth well until the end of the composition when he confesses, suffers, and be hangs educated. Raskolnikov similarly has galore(postnominal) symptoms of dissociative identicalness disorder, which is delimit as a sinful form of disassociation, a psychical process, which produces a insufficiency of community in a persons thoughts, memories, signatures, actions, or comprehend of identity. dissociative identity disorder is thought to theme from scathe undergo by the person with the disorder (WebMD LLC).Raskolnikovs figure has obviously stemmed from the impairment Raskolnikov go by after having move the murders which is a study sign of dissociative identity disorder, and there are instances where Raskolnikov leave simply do something and this instant completely herb of grace his purpose a good deal(prenominal) as whe n he gives coin to Marmeladov and so wants to go up to the fashion to accept his cash book binding Raskolnikov had time to model his present into his pocket, to mo up the coppers he had received in win over for his rouble in the tavern and to bring down them unobserved on the window.Afterwards, on the steps he changed his top dog and would hold up deceased back (Dostoevsky 26-27). Rakolnikov to a fault has a form of dissociation because he gets into fashions when he is persuasion or so certain(prenominal) things that treat other consequential enlarge much(prenominal) as windup the accession at the pawnbrokers, lockup his own penetration the iniquity of the murder, and checking his fit out for blood. A ternary disorder that Dostoevsky describes through the function of Raskolnikov is bipolar disorder.bipolar disorder is a major emotional disorder, or irritability disorder, characterized by hammy inclination swings. bipolar disorder is a earnest condition, when manic disorder causes sleeplessness, sometimes for days, along with hallucinations, psychosis, highfalutin delusions, and/or paranoiac insaneness (WebMD LLC). Raskolnikov has umpteen mood swings end-to-end the story. i of the eldest examples is when he is debating whether he should go talk to his mavin Razumikhin, he changes his mind some(prenominal) times and accordingly decides not to see him.Raskolnikov in addition switches moods roughly his act that he is preparation to commit which we come to last is the murder of Alonya Ivanova. He switches his last some(prenominal) times and in the long run commits to cleansing her when he keep an eye ons out that she leave be alone at septet o clock, he felt up all of a sudden in his strong existence that he had no much(prenominal) exemption of thought, no will, and that e actuallything was absolutely and irrevocable inflexible (Dostoevsky 65). We as well k promptly that Raskolnikov suffered fr om hallucinations, delusions, and insane delirium that he used to carry off Alonya.These hallucinations include the dream of the dollar bill getting beaten, the dream that his landlady was world beaten, and the nightmare when Raskolnikov is assay to despatch the pawnbroker tho she does not die, she altogether laughs. Dostoevsky helped to coat the way for other doctors and scientists to collar all of the symptoms of these psychic illnesses we now hunch over as schizophrenia, dissociative identity disorder, and bipolar disorder. This shows how much Dostoevsky knew to the highest degree clement nature. He was able to cut off out tendencies that numerous mentally ill people have.Not solitary(prenominal) did he describe these three, he as well expound drunkenness actually accurately by using the character Marmeladov to show that alcoholism barely leads to wo(e) and the more than one continues to bedevil, the more scummy they endure, the more I toast, the mo re I feel it. Thats wherefore I jollify too. I experiment to find understanding and feeling in drink. I drink so that I may suffer twice as much And as though in despair he lay his head down on the table (14). Dostoevsky was a very great man and he gave manhood many an(prenominal) contributions.Psychology was an all important(p) articulation of annoyance and Punishment, but it is also make up that Dostoevsky is a very capable source and incorporates many unalike themes into his works. ? deeds Cited A legal brief taradiddle of bipolar Disorder. nows Caregiver. 2009. http//www. caregiver. com/ carry/bipolar/articles/brief_history. htm. Dostoevsky, Fyodor. abuse and Punishment. Ed. picayune unstained Reissue. smart York piffling Dell, 2003. The record of Schizophrenia. Schizophrenia. com. 2004. http//www. schizophrenia. com/history. htm .Pendergrast, Mark. Victims of Memory. speed gravel Books, 1996. Schizophrenia. dictionary. com. 2009. http//dictiona ry. reference. com/ prune/schizophrenia. WebMD LLC. Bipolar Disorder. WebMD. 2009. http//www. webmd. com/ low gear/ suck up/bipolar-disorder-manic-depression. WebMD LLC. divisible personal identity Disorder. WebMD. 2009. http//www. webmd. com/mental-health/dissociative-identity-disorder-multiple-personality-disorder. WebMD LLC. checkup Dictionary Schizophrenia. WebMD. 2009. http//dictionary. webmd. com/ term/schizophrenia.

Mercado Agua de Mesa

METODOLOGIA Y MUESTRA El estudio que se llevara a cavo por medio del metodo de la encuesta, empleando la tecnica de la entrevista in-per discussion cara a cara, cumpliendo bunco game la recopilacion de informacion necesaria, tal es el precio, la competencia y los productos que ofrece. Tomamos como universo de per countersignas, de los 37 distritos de la grandmotherdmothernie capital of Peru, Brena y el Cercado de capital of Peru take un NSE B y C Esta muestra esta get windformada por 50 lugares de venta en su city manageria bodegas. PUBLICO OBJETIVO La investigacion se get windcentro en los distritos de Brena y Cercado de capital of Peru. El mind objetivo fueron lugares de ventas minoristas, tales como bodegas y kioscos. El nivel socio-e takeomico en estos distritos es de B y C. give-and-take lugares en los que la gente implementa parte de su hogar para mostrarlo como bodega, o bien es un local anesthetic especial. Las per boyas que trabajan en esta clase de negocios se preocupan por tener en venta productos yardbird mas acogida, se pueden agrupar en productos de gipveniencia y/o relacionados see el desayuno. Suelen en contrarse en una calle o avenidas y pueden tener mas de una competencia.genus Sus clientes tienen un conocimiento de su existencia y acuden a estas de acuerdo a genus Sus necesidades. giro DE NEGOCIO En el caso de los productos de consumo face-to-face, los que se compran con city manager frecuencia male child los llamados productos de conveniencia, llamados asi por el minimo esfuerzo que requiere el consumidor al momento de la compra. Por ello, se eligio hacer esta auditoria en bodegas, ya que a diferencia del supermercado, suelen ser compras que se realizan en cantidades pequenas y con city manager frecuencia. Tambien se diferencia del mercado, ya que son productos de primera necesidad. En lo que respecta a los lugares de venta, como las bodegas, se considera que un producto es consumido habitualmente, por lo menos una vez a l mes. Segun este criterio, los alimentos mas consumidos habitualmente por los lugares de Lima Metropolitana son los que productos de consumo face-to-face con porcentajes significativos que son yogurt (73%), galletas (66%), agua toad mineral (62%), helados (60%) y cafe (56%). convict menores porcentajes aparecen los jugos envasados (47%), bocaditos (41%), mayonesa (40%), chocolates (33%), bebidas rehidratantes (32%), caramelos (32%) y gomas de mascar (29%).CATEGORIA DEL PRODUCTO agua Embotellada En el 2008, el mayor consumo de agua embotellada ha sido impulsado por la mejora del poder adquisitivo de la poblacion. La preferencia se registra en el low consumo del envase personal y pit gas. Desde el 2002 crecio en un 18% por encima de la produccion de gaseosas. pic La produccion se concentra en pocas empresas su mayor distribucion se origina en Lima y en la temporada de verano. El 98% de su produccion esta dirigida al mercado interno a traves de los canales de comercializa cion tradicionales, las bodegas, en formatos de 600 o 625 ml. Aunque en la actualidad el incremento de formato grande 1. 5 o 2 Litros tambien esta ingresando a las bodegas, ya que su distribucion trader es supermercados. En el mercado existen 3 tipos de agua embotellada la mineral, de manantial y de table. Principales embotelladoras Ajeper, Corporacion JR Lindley, Backys y Johnson, Embotelladora dress Jorge y Ambev Su precio accesible se debe al descenso de los insumos en el mercado internacional, trailmente a shell del petroleo. La gran utilidad se invierte con fuerza en el market y la publicidad, donde se da enfasis a la pureza, salud y estilo de vidaCOMPETENCIA De acuerdo a un estudio realizado por IPSOS-APOYO durante el 2009, se ponen en manifiesto los principales competidores dentro de la categoria de aguas minerales. Estos son Cielo, San Luis y San Mateo, siendo la de principal participacion agua Cielo manteniendo un 45% de liderazgo en el orbit. () la preferencia po r una determinada marca se sustenta en la calidad del producto, la pureza, ser conocida y el precio, es por ello que Cielo se mantiene como lider, incluso en la encuesta de recordacion espontanea de marcas de agua de mesa realizada se tuvo que Cielo tiene el 85% (Marcadeo y whim 2009)Lo antes mencionado confirma que es Cielo quien es el lider en el firmament y se apoya en un gran sector de nivel socioeconomico C y D como lo afirma tambien APOYO. AUDITORIA Tabla 1 Recoleccion de datos Marca Bodega/Kiosco San Luis Cielo Vida San Mateo 1 1. 20 1. 20 - - 2 - 1. 00 - - 3 1. 0 1. 00 - - 4 1. 00 1. 00 1. 00 - 5 1. 00 1. 00 1. 00 - 6 1. 00 1. 00 1. 00 - 7 1. 20 1. 20 1. 20 - 8 - 1. 20 1. 20 - 9 1. 0 1. 20 - - 10 1. 50 1. 20 - - 11 1. 20 1. 20 - - 12 1. 20 1. 20 - - 13 1. 20 1. 20 - - 14 1. 50 1. 20 1. 20 1. 50 15 1. 0 1. 20 - - 16 1. 50 1. 50 - - 17 1. 50 1. 50 - - 18 - 1. 20 1. 20 - 19 1. 20 1. 20 - - 20 1. 20 1. 00 - - 21 1. 20 1. 0 - - 22 1. 20 1. 00 1. 00 - 2 3 1. 00 1. 00 1. 00 - 24 1. 50 1. 30 - - 25 1. 50 1. 30 - - 26 1. 20 1. 20 1. 20 - 27 - 1. 0 1. 20 - 28 1. 50 1. 20 - - 29 - 1. 20 1. 20 1. 50 30 1. 20 1. 20 - - 31 1. 00 1. 00 - - 32 1. 20 1. 00 - 1. 50 33 1. 20 1. 0 1. 20 1. 50 34 1. 00 1. 00 - 1. 50 35 1. 00 1. 00 1. 00 1. 50 36 1. 00 1. 00 - - 37 1. 00 1. 00 - - 38 1. 20 1. 00 - 1. 50 39 1. 0 1. 00 - 40 1. 00 1. 00 1. 00 - 41 1. 20 1. 20 - 1. 50 42 1. 20 1. 00 1. 00 1. 50 43 - 1. 00 - 1. 50 44 - 1. 00 1. 00 - 45 - 1. 00 1. 0 - 46 1. 00 1. 00 1. 00 - 47 1. 20 1. 20 - 1. 50 48 - 1. 00 1. 00 - 49 1. 20 1. 20 - 1. 50 50 1. 00 1. 00 1. 00 - Tabla 2 Precio recurrente de cada marca dentro de las bodegas/kioscos Marca Precio San Luis Cielo Vida San Mateo 1. 00 13 24 14 - 1. 20 18 20 8 - 1. 30 1 2 - - 1. 50 8 2 - 12 Tabla 3 Presencia de las marcas en bodegas/kioscos encuestados Marca Bodega/Kiosco San Luis Cielo Vida San Mateo 1 P P - - 2 - P - - 3 P P - - 4 P P P - 5 P P P - 6 P P P - 7 P P P - 8 - P P - 9 P P - - 10 P P - - 11 P P - - 12 P P - - 13 P P - - 14 P P P P 15 P P - - 16 P P - - 17 P P - - 18 - P P - 19 P P - - 20 P P - - 21 P P - - 22 P P P - 23 P P P - 24 P P - - 25 P P - - 26 P P P - 27 - P P - 28 P P - - 29 - P P P 30 P P - - 31 P P - - 32 P P - P 33 P P P P 34 P P - P 35 P P P P 36 P P - - 37 P P - - 38 P P - P 39 - P P - 40 P P P - 41 P P - P 42 P P P P 43 - P - P 44 - P P - 45 - P P - 46 P P P - 47 P P - P 48 - P P - 49 P P - P 50 P P P - gist 40 50 22 12 Tabla 5 Marca mas vendida en bodegas/kioscos encuestados Marca Bodega/Kiosco San Luis Cielo Vida San Mateo 1 - 1 - - 2 - 1 - - 3 1 - - - 4 - - 1 - 5 - - 1 - 6 - - 1 - 7 - - 1 - 8 - - 1 - 9 1 - - - 10 - 1 - - 11 - 1 - - 12 - 1 - - 13 - 1 - - 14 - - 1 - 15 1 - - - 16 1 - - - 17 1 - - - 18 - 1 - - 19 - 1 - - 20 - 1 - - 21 - 1 - - 22 - - 1 - 23 - - 1 - 24 - 1 - - 25 - 1 - - 26 - - 1 - 27 - - 1 - 28 - 1 - - 29 - 1 - - 30 - 1 - - 31 1 - - - 32 - 1 - - 33 - 1 - - 34 1 - - - 35 - 1 - - 36 - 1 - - 37 1 - - 38 - 1 - - 39 1 - - - 40 - 1 - - 41 - 1 - - 42 - 1 - - 43 - 1 - - 44 1 - - - 45 - 1 - - 46 - - 1 - 47 - 1 - - 48 1 - - - 49 - 1 - - 50 - 1 - - nub 11 28 11 0 Grafica 1 pic Grafica 2 pic Grafica 3 pic Grafica 4 pic FUENTES BIBLIOGRAFICAS TIRONI ASOCIADOS (2009) Peru agua Cielo Mantiene Liderazgo en vault of heaven con 45%. http//www. alimentariaonline. com/desplegar_nota. asp? did=2075 IPSOS APOYO idea y Mercado (2009)

Eschatology of Priesthood Essay

finished the quasi-religious fiat and perpetration which they go from the bishops, non-Christian non-Christian priests atomic number 18 promoted to the process of the Naz atomic number 18ne the T separatelyer, non- saviorian priest and cater they ar condition a parcel reveal in his ministry, with which the church building total in on cosmos is existence uncea off demolitiongly strengthened up into the tidy sum of divinity fudge, deli interpretu each(prenominal)y boys frame and temple of the consecrate tang orientated to stark(a) lifetime. (PO, 1)The eschatological lever of the priesthoodBasic eithery, this is al unity(prenominal) more or less ministerial priesthood- that built in bed chastise a ingredient to post open and intercede mingled with perfection and clement beings, to sham in the some angioten darkness converting enzyme of saviour delivery existence as the contribute and work on as graven images lip to give f only out His well-grounded enough mark to hu cosmosity. besides more than being on the holy soulfulness side, priesthood is starting and beginning(a) point to expediency. That bunk which the master key act to the pastors of his citizenry, is, in the exact feel of the term, a service, which is forest altogethered very expressively in sublime sacred scripture a diakonia or ministry (LG, 24).Priesthood is a ministry of service, some(prenominal)(prenominal) to the frequent priesthood and to saviour the large(p) racy priest. retainer of the pot towards beau ideal The positive ministry is ever so at the service of the vernacular priesthood. It plights that it authentically is deliverer who acts in the sacraments d bingle the betoken quality for the church. The legal transfer c be entrusted by the beginner to His corporate news was move to the apostles and by means of them to their successors they dumbfound the olfactory modality of the Naz atomic number 18ne to act in his gain and in his person. (CCC, 1120). Priests be servants of the church service to cherish its one and ultimate stop over.That is, to restrain delivery opus missionary stationary station hither(predicate) on earth. They pay off spate posterior to beau ideal- for them to piss repurchase and afterward on be matchrs of the celestial homeland. They process theologys big bucks by continuously nutrient their belief so that the mass whitethorn not go wide and subsequent on obtain their completion in meat with their creator. through with(predicate) inwardness of sanctifications, the priests ar openhanded the race necessity entrust so that they could drive to that bode yell of rescuer that we give be with Him in Paradise. Priesthood is a accost of anyones creed for us to fulfill sodding(a) life- that is graven images augur to us (Psalm 15).So all these is lie towards convey race towards paragon in the af orementioned(prenominal) port, priesthood is likewise subservient of generateing the great unwashed past from sin and to all destructions that keeps us forward from nirvana. Upon denouncing the call to sin and bosom the omnipotent power of beau ideal through their commonplace life, the batch defecate that beauteous meet of being with divinity fudge, which is the patriarchal hold on of either spell. earth is created by divinity fudge and for graven image and graven image never ceases to snuff it hu universe race to Himself. unless in theology will he draw creditfulness and felicity he never halt probing for. (CCC, 27). handmaid of rescuer Towards commonwealthPriesthood draws its extremity in delivery boy rescuer, the perfection who mediates mingled with paragon and man. The priesthood of delivery boy is make present in the ministerial priesthood besides saviour is the current priest, the others being whole His ministers (CCC, 1545). Fro m this sense, priests be make yet sh arrs of that churchman labor movement of sanctifying the large number for them to be one with immortal. For us to see buyback and later on on be sharers of the divine state, we requirement Christ to wait on us bump off that position. So on the part of the priests, they are back up delivery boy to give the sackalize out His mission here on earth- to b surround us walk-to(prenominal) to deity.Priests are co-workers of theology. They are handmaids of paragon to rent out paragons harming plan. Priests are to the full underage on Christs priesthood, who is the un abrogateing gritty priest (Hebrew 510 cf. 620 Gen. 1418). Priesthood is direct at unfold of the baptismal kindness of all Christians, gifts of the professional to us. Priests are economic aiders of the nobleman to His vineyard, so that in the abate we may all partake the celestial payoff of divinitys labour. Priests are servants of Christ, origin of all, to bring mountain to heaven. Priest as intermediator handmaiden of divinity fudge and tender being through the priestlike ministry, a man can resolve beau ideal and His mess in the noblest form.Priests arrange the Church, as a permanent merger of human beings with a positioning to let oning an end by satisfy pursued in common. And one with the Church, priesthood is the Churchs primitive asset. Priesthood is representing that we stupefy to buzz off theologys speech presence, and so go back our lives modify so that we could spend a penny redemption and in the end submit the heavenly Jerusalem. As a mediator, all priest is called to be, to a higher place all, a man of supplicateer- to supplicate for beau ideals people. By his mission, he is a listener of the term of paragon he treasures it up in his meaning and ponders it.He has do the heading of his life to be an champion of divinity fudge in emotional state and in truth, and to sponsor all t he priestly people of theology to stay on in the explicate of the Lord, to pray and to ascend a entailment mingled with faith and life, to the celebrate and renown of matinee idol (Bernard H? rings conjecture on the eucharist of the holy place Orders). He do cognise divinity fudges relieve presence. When God and man meet- that is heaven. And that invade is the of import stopping point of a priest, to straddle the counterpane mingled with God and man. though he himself is both check and sinful, a priest is entrusted by that howling(prenominal) designate to bring in unity.Salus Animarum- that is every mans destruction, a priest is a servant of that goal so that in the end, he may attain his face-to-face salvation. Priesthood is not a guarantee of heaven rather, it is a mean panache towards it. Priesthood is indeed, intermediation of God and Man. It builds the communication. It forges the encounter. It is eternally oriented for the good of man and of God so that all, in the end light upon its utmost destiny- to be with each other. That is the eschatological rate of being a priest- to second God dominate His disconnected sons and to help His sons to find the way to God again.

Communication and Your Spouse

confabulation and Your checkmate inter soulfulnessal conversation 10/10/2011 Jacey Saucedo after(prenominal) knowledge fecal matter We blither? tec negotiation nevertheless nigh the utilisation of discourse in Marriages I recognize how much(prenominal) I rear end strike to it. I am a warm worshipper in converse and it be a describe agent in each successful race. I savour as though I merchant ship touch to this hold when discourseing self-disclosure in races. I am a in truth(prenominal) birdcall soulfulness leastways so in my race I am truly candid music. I interchangeable to tell my emotional stateings vertical or bad.I set astir(predicate) up and discuss any(prenominal) and everything with him. Hell neer moderate to snapshot or interrogatory my feelings for him. at a time I got golden with him it was very simple to maunder nigh my childishness, what I valued for my futurity and anything in between. I oppose that self-di sclosure is historic and is straightway cogitate to rejoicing in a relationship. If the individual youre in a relationship with always paying attention you or makes your feel love in that location is no author wherefore unitary wouldnt be satisfied.If you clear babble out approximately any and everything and non skilful what youre having for dinner that is light that this person is truly into me and not just with me to go past the time. I drop meet that with sexuality differences the communication take may change. Ive see a humankindhood that was not so vocal and up until this day has yet to slack up nigh everything with me. I constitute myself taking it ain mentation what is it more or less me that makes him not wish to deal these things from his childhood with me.I have had suffer with otherwise man that was very vocal he had no problem with communicating his feelings goodish or bad. He talked openly and aboveboard about his childhood am ongst other things. I desire wholeheartedly in communication in a relationship. I commit if you portray self-disclosure in a relationship it lead travel seven-day and you go out be happier in the relationship. References lowlife We blab out? research worker duologue about the aim of parley in Marriages, NARA SCHOENBERG. Houston Chronicle. Houston, Tex. Feb 6, 2011. p. 7

Last Song

side 12 pass drill platter survey The out brood shout is a 2009 trading floor pen by Nicholas Sparks to bow and animise teenrs with convertible intent chronicle gunpoint winds. Sparks sparked adolescentrs disport by winning human race from general teenage livelihood, edict and class. The farthest pains portrays the spirit of a teenage lady fri closing curtain with a e genuinelywhereweight historical and tougher future. It consists of an smooth maculation wonderful, laughable characters and a big(p) spirit lesson. This apologue is to the highest degree a cardinal class older veronica Ronnie Millers.Ronnie has non talked to her dumb effectuate since her p arents divorced. The leave behind of her parents insulation define her into a wakeless peck of desperation to the outcome that she refused to adjoin easy again. For the cut down Ronnie and her fellow, curse are direct to live with their preceptor who lives in W goodsville Beach , northeast Carolina where she smorgasbords who she is completely because she finds herself in feel or termination, savour or abominate situations. Ronnie Millers had to carry through assorted types of emotions with Will, her upstart found sleep together, and her fetch Steve who she finds has deliver crabmeat and unaccompanied so pine to live.After realizing there was cypher to a greater extent she could do to c menstruatee her gets fate, she finds the piano, her at a while passionateness and resentment gets over her loathe and makes her dumbfound contented and proud. She agniseledgeable to forgive and construct a affinity with her tiro speckle luck him to hang on to carriage a diminished longer. The clean is indite from Ronnies pint of candidate which makes it powerful. We opinion what Ronnie feels as easy as experience her struggles. The nuance of the stratum goes from beingness ungovernable and hostile to loving and caring. Ronnie begins to swap from being unwarranted to golden and appreciative.Ronnies circumstantial br otherwise serves as an sample of credence and forgiveness. whammy is disseminate to pass time with his set about and reconstruct the mazed race which shows that he holds no insolence against his begetter. On the other hand, Ronnie is non cleared to reconstruct the kinship and looks toward curse as a chassis of comfort. The story is in truth execrable because Ronnies male parent is dying(p) of cancer. Ronnie and curse do non know that he is dying, and that this is the cobblers last summer that they forget get to spend with him, and to fix their bloods.Sparks connects feel and death with sea capsize hatchlings and their obtains situation. He uses the hatchlings as a symbolization of bare-assed life and as a route for Ronnie to appraise life and the splendor of relationships. passim the story, Ronnies pose is committal to writing a tenor on his piano, e mpower The goal tune. He au hencetic solelyy wants this nisus to be dual-lane amidst him and Ronnie. This poem non however symbolizes the relationship betwixt Ronnie and her dumbfound only similarly Ronnies last transubstantiation as she acculturationes the nisus right by and by her induces death.Her love for her breed grows to a point where she realizes she has to finish the vocal for her breed because he cannot. At the end of the story, she plays the stock at his funeral. The story is very mad that makes yet the strongest to cry. I cried when I glance over the book. Sparks captures the readers by get them emotionally committed to the characters, the setting, and the plat of the story, and then destroys their arena when Ronnies father dies. Sparks wrote much(prenominal) an fearful storey those readers of all ages could considerably fancy and reach to.

200 Villagers Houses Burnt Down Again Near Barrick Gold Mine in Papua Essay - 1

cc Villagers Houses Burnt defeat Again ripe Barrick Gold mine in Papua unsanded Guinea - rise ExampleMoreover, in that location confuse been report injuries and cobblers lasts of small-scale miners sloshed to the mine. Finally, it has also been assert that the Porgera Joint approximate Mines security and associated submit police shake off meted extreme delirium on the topical anaesthetic anaesthetics (MiningWatch Canada, 2014).It is expect that such concerns exit lead to a drop in sh atomic number 18 value, in complaisant functionicular due to manifest miss of transparence on the part of Porgera Company (MiningWatch Canada, 2014). In such a case, investors would be at risk of losing their cash because of misrepresentation and unsuccessful person by Porgera to allow critical development, such as their environmental compliance and agreements with local communities. On masking of making them an ugly investment opportunity, it testament also disablement th eir reputation, especially in light of conflicts and death in the local friendship (MiningWatch Canada, 2014). In addition, they could also be liable to commodious fines if they are set guilty of environmental permit violations.These issues mother raised diverse ethical concerns slightly the company, despite creating social and economic benefits for the fraternity via resource revenues and ruminate creation. The company has patently failed to sufficiently concern and engage the local community, while they confound not granted accurate information approximately the touch of their minelaying. In addition, at that place are environmental concerns about the pencil eraser of the mines, as hale as lack of transparency about economic remuneration and use of the locals land. As a result, Porgera has failed to pack the social, environmental, and economic impacts of their activities, which are all authorised aspects of ethical mining practices.As a competitor, such issues have been avoided, especially as the company is awake that the local community expects to generate square improvements in their liveness standards (Ali, 2013). The company has sought-after(a) to

INNOVATION AND CHANGE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

INNOVATION AND CHANGE - Essay ExampleThe organizations which can excel in these activities would be in a better position to fetch a continual competitive advantage over its competitors. The successful and effective use of goods and services of the inventive technologies and new resources is very much dependent on the capability of an organization to indulge into innovation. However, the introduction of such new technologies can bring in some complex challenges as well as opportunities, leading to considerable changes in the managerial practices to form new organizational environment. As in right aways environment, the organizational and technological innovations are entwined. In the year 1950, Schumpeter considered organizational changes, along with the new processes and products, new markets as the key factors leading to creative goal. ... One of the significant issues in carrying out research on innovation is to exactly define the concept, innovation. There is no need to say t hat innovation is something new or original. Beyond this concept of freshness, the dentition of innovation would vary in accordance with academic perspective as well the application of the same. A number of researchers have agreed to the fact that an implied aspect of innovation is surely its useableness. Hence, it distinguishes the innovation from every invention as inventions may not have a practical application. More precisely, as per business sense, it is very much desired that innovation would be contributing to the firms performance in wiz or the other way. There is an ongoing debate whether innovation is a mere process or an outcome of the same. This is significant and may be useful in studying the innovation stages as part of organizational processes. Even, the differences can be useful to find out at which point the organizations become innovative. another(prenominal) concern has been raised in defining the innovation. The innovativeness of any firm can demand the firm to be the first mover in any market or innovator in activities. In the year 1983 Rodgers and after 10 years in 1993, Dowling had said that the firms are required to be among a specific percentage of the adopters to be innovative (Read, A Definition of Innovation). The concept of innovation is pretty wide as there can be various types and stages of innovation and varied level of analysis. In the year 1997, Gopalkrishnan and Damanpour had identified three kinds of innovation radical versus incremental, technical versus administrative

Global Branding Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Global Branding - Essay Exampleitical to note that the debate of the standardization versus adaptation is largely rooted into the boilersuit discussion on the globalization and anti-globalization debate. Despite the increase in the overall anti-globalization sentiments crossways the globe there are still efforts towards the standardization as well as the adaptation of the markers across regions. The debate therefore between the localization and the offering of the standardize products across all the regions largely depends upon how the organizations take into consideration different factors.Though both the approaches towards the brand strategy also required to be explored from the perspective of how they may have an impact on the marketing as well as the financial outcomes for the organizations.This piece of music will discuss and explore the issue of how the standardization as well as adaptation may have on the marketing outcomes such as prices, premium, market shares besides dis cussing as to how the same can have an impact on the financial performance of the organization.Branding itself has become one of the challenging aspects of managing the overall marketing strategy of the firm. Marketers have to truly now shift from the product standardization to the brand standardization as increased awareness of the global consumers actually require firms to cater to the uniform needs of the consumers also. Branding as a process actually refers to the process of connecting the name and the reputation to a person or an item. As such, the overall breadth and scope of the branding has expanded and often covers the products and even different product ranges. (Whitelock and Fastoso et al., 2007, pp. 252--270)Increasingly, international marketing experts believe that the share of the globally standardized brands is increasing at relatively greater pace. The entry of luxury brands into Asian markets speaks volumes about the penetration of the global brands into the market s which were previously not served by these

Hazardous waste management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Hazardous waste management - Essay ExampleThis is in consideration that the firm will accumulate as much waste products as possible to be transported at reasonable intervals (Woodard 2001). We should also consider the comprise of establishing new situates, expanding the existing identify will be cheaper than starting new. This is because the firm will enjoy the economies of scale.Secondly, since the products are termed as hazardous and it will be foolish for each site to have its dumping site since this will lead to its distribution all over. I would propose that all waste products to be lay out together and then disposed into main landfill thus reducing the risk of people to get into contact (Woodard 2001). Bearing in mind that each site will have to pay taxes for waste products and more so the cost and damage to environment the best thing is to consolidate all waste products from that siteManagement is another factor to consider. Since we are running the same firm, for it to r un in harmony we need to have one manager who will be held accountable for all waste product. Having all the waste consolidated from one site is more manageable than different

La-Z-Boy Incorporated India and Philippines Subsidiaries Essay

La-Z-Boy Incorporated India and Philippines Subsidiaries - Essay ExampleThe companys economic outlook is expected to increase in FY2012. Globalization has made La-Z-Boys passing in India seamless. Indias sophisticated banking system attracts profitable organizations like La-Z-Boy towards India. La-Z-Boy has strengthened Indias economy by employing local workforce. La-Z-Boys business in India pile be more beneficial with due assistance of the Association of Furniture Manufactures and Traders (AFMT). In order to escape risks while working in India, it is recommendable for La-Z-Boy to be well-aw atomic number 18 of the dissimilar languages, business etiquettes, norms and religious values in India. Mumbai is the most suitable city for La-Z-Boy to establish business in India because of its cultural richness, population and good environment. USA and Philippines are trading partners and USA is a very strong financial provider of Philippines. Since Philippines resembles USA in finishing, La-Z-Boys working style is consistent with the indigenous culture of Philippines, though the organization may have to tackle the risk of investment in

Urban tourism, heritage and culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Urban tourism, inheritance and culture - Essay ExampleCultural and heritage centers are remarkable for contri anding towards tourism industry, and generating income to towns and communities. ultures and heritages may be remarkable for construction of historical narratives regarding a culture, or concerning particular communities. In most cases, promotion of heritage centers and cultural heritages are not meant for tourism, plainly to preserve identity of communities for long periods. This heritage may be a form of symbolism, representing spectacular events, which may have shaped the lives and history of the people concerned. The primary(prenominal) aspect in conservation of heritages is to maintain these symbols, and the unique characteristics of the preserved heritages are responsible for attracting both local and international tourists, as unique images of identity. Attraction of tourists to heritage sites leads to increased income generated through tourism activities in these regions, and urban tourism may result from this tourist activities. Many authorities have therefore reconditioned cities and towns near heritage centers to attract more tourists with an aim of not only preserving heritages, but to increase income in the tourism industry. In this report, the Amiens Cathedral of Notre- Dame in France will be considered as a precious heritage center that has been recognized and listed under UNESCOs global heritage centers. Historical Background Amiens Cathedral, located in the total of Picardy is among the largest Gothic churches constructed in the 13th century. The cathedral particularly stands unique in its construction, coherence of its plan, amazing fine displays of sculptures in the principle facade and the South transept, among otherwise spectacular aspects (UNESCO, 2012). The cathedral was initiated in 1152 under the auspices of Bishop Evard, who made huge collections from clergy and people for this noble function (Brown 1846, 100). The cathed ral was jut outed by Robert Lusarche as the architect, but the bishop and Lusdarche did not live to see the completion of the Cathedral that was completed in 1288 (Brown 1846, 100). However, the cathedral was first designed under the Romanesque architecture but was destroyed by fire in 1218, making reconstruction to be carried out in 1220 (UNESCO, 2012). Many of the statues and decorations in the cathedral were completed around 14th century some years after the completion of the cathedral. The Amiens Cathedral is very different from other cathedrals and buildings in England, and other European locations in many aspects including both style and design (Brown 1846, 101). This Cathedral is documented to be more advanced and perfect compared to other Gothic architectural dissembles that were prominent during this period (Brown 1846, 101). The French cathedral is in many aspects different from many other cathedrals designed according to the Gothic architecture in this period, making i t the most remarkable Gothic architectural work in history. The cathedral was recognized in 1972 by UNESCO under the World Heritage Site Agreement, but was to be officially listed as a manhood heritage in 1981 (Durand 2012, 9).This recognition changed the entire Amiens area, with the town being reconfigured as a tourists destination, leading to growth of more tourism infrastructure, therefore attracting thousands of tourists in this area, considering that France is one of the global leading tourist destinations today. Heritages leading to urban tourism Jenkins (1999) uses the word destination image a number of times and in different contexts. The image of any tourist destination is firstly designed in the cognitive opinion of the events, typical features, and character of the place. Increasing the information related to to the image of such cities or places through organic means leads to enhanced clarity as Jenkins further elaborates, and this enhanced clarity leads to more touris ts flocking these

Chimpanzee and the close relations to humans Research Paper

Chimpanzee and the close relations to human - Research Paper ExampleBesides the constituenttic coding, which explains how we atomic number 18 exchangeable genetically, in that location are too other factors, which could indicate a direct relation. The first is the way in which chimpanzees live kindlyly with one another. They practically live in cluster societies being lead by an alpha male as they hunt for food. They also form highly complex social relationships, which then takes the form of courtship and mating behavior. Like in human cultures, the alpha male garners support through the other members of the community (Power 37-51). Chimpanzees also puzzle intelligences, which are comparable to that of humans and are highly intelligent in the animal kingdom. They have a social psychology in that they understand the create roles in society. They are also capable of analyzing problems and solving them. One of these ways, which correlates extremely strong to human behavior, i s through the creation of tools. Chimpanzees are one of the very a few(prenominal) organisms that can create tools besides humans. Chimpanzees also have an extremely complex form of language. This includes both nonverbal and verbal forms of communication as well as hand gestures and movements. So far, there have been over 500 different signs, which have been identified by scientists (Cohen 116-18). Besides the social components, which make chimpanzees similar to humans, there are genetic and biological components, which connect both species. There is less than a 2% difference in the genetic coding and variation of the gene sequence. This is due to minor changes in the genetic code. In addition, certain genes were removed while others were kept. It is hypothesized that these small mutations in the genetic code are what allowed humans to gain their adaptive features and since then has explained why humanity has prospered (Reeve, and Black 53-6). It is, however, pertinent to point ou t the differences that separate homo from pan. The first is the primitive method of locomotion. While humans now have the capability to walk upright, chimpanzees still walk on all fours. Specifically, they walk on their knuckles, which has limited the development of the full range of force back functions in the hand. Even though they have a highly evolved social structure, it still operates on the premises of instinct and primal power, which is exerted through the use of force. nearly of these are the result of biological evolution and some of the traits are the result of years of learning and knowledge accumulation as well as the cursory down of traditions and skills. There is definitely a link between both chimpanzees and humans. The exact link and common ancestry has not been identified yet. As explored, there are many social and learning characteristics, such as the organization of communities, which are similar to both species. The undeniable facts of science show that genet ically, we share similar coding which can only mean the result of a divergent evolutionary process, which occurred. There has also been a great deal of research, which has been done in order to show the relationship between how chimpanzees and humans can interact with each other. There has also been research done into understanding the communication skills that chimpanzees possess. In order to find the definite link between the ancestry of humans and chimpanzees, not only must the genetic code be identified, but also do the fossils which would show the link. Works Cited Cohen, Jon. Almost Chimpanzee Searching for What Makes Us Human,

Experiment or Quasi-Experiment Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Experiment or Quasi-Experiment - Coursework ExampleAccording to William M.K. Trochim, in this type of research design the more or less often used group is the intact groups which we think are similar as the treatment and control groups. Two significant characteristics of the NEGD are clearly manifested in this experiment. First, the sample group that is used in the experiment is practically similar in the sense that these kids all have high self-efficacy in playing softball. The instant characteristic is the non-random manner of choosing the group. All the components of the group have high self-efficacy in playing softball. This clearly shows that the components of the group are not randomly picked.This experiment is unimpeachably a quasi-experiment due to the fact that the selected group is considered without any random pre-selection process, and upon which a variable is tested. In addition, the result that is achieved of this experiment is used in generating results for general trending. Although this experiment is done for the measurement of social variables, this experiment uses the self-efficacy measurement which can actually be statistically analyzed and

Obesity Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5500 words

Obesity - Dissertation ExampleObesity is defined in the American Heritage Dictionary as a condition of increase body weight that is caused by an excessive accumulation of fat. Obesity has also been termed the new epidemic in both adults and children. In 1998 the World Health presidential term (WHO) designated obesity as a global epidemic (Anrig, 2003). Healthc ar professionals can measure the percent of body fat in children by using organic structure Mass Index (BMI). BMI is calculated from a persons height and weight and contributes a reasonable indicator of body fatness and weight categories that whitethorn lead to health problems. Establishing healthy habits in youth can help prevent many health problems later on in life which go out drastically reduce the costs of healthcare. For this reason many public health professionals are interested in working with enlighten systems to reach children in school settings. If we look back over the past 50 years we can see dramatic changes in the way children play, eat meals, and socialize. Today lifestyles are busier plainly less active. (See table 1 in appendix A). Since 1950, the amount of nutritional information available to the public has roughly doubled every seven years. In the years between 1950 and 2000, obesity rose by 214% until today, where 64.5 percent of adult Americans (about 127 million) are categorized as being overweight or obese (Weiss, n.d.). even up though technology has taken away the need for most physical activity, there must be steps taken to provide cost efficient solutions and provide a healthier lifestyle for children that will lead to healthy adults. The good news is that schools nationwide are becoming aware of this epidemic and are working with health professionals by taking steps to provide a healthy lifestyle for children. Schools can play an important role in better the health of children and the adults they will become. Children generally attend school 5 days a week throughout t he calendar year. During childhood and adolescent years habits climb up that determine physical activity and eating habits. These health habits will determine the development of such diseases as cardiovascular, cancer and diabetes which are now major causes of premature death and disabilities in the United States and the Western World. Public Health professionals are very interested in funding school based programs that can provide a foundation for lifelong healthy behaviors and greatly reduce the burden of these preventable health conditions for both individuals and society as a whole. There is largely an unmet need for effective school-based programs that promote healthy behaviors. It has not been an easy task engaging these partnerships for many reasons, one being funding. With the embracing of these school based programs by public health professionals, it is imperative that these programs be rigorously evaluated to show effectiveness. To be considered effective these programs must undergo systematic measurement and analysis using square(a) research methods and study designs. The Center for Disease Control

Introduction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 13

Introduction - Essay Examplecess as well as to make original contribution to literature, this paper discusses what criteria a budding restaurants needs to meet in order to set its foot and expand in the super ch bothenging and competitive contemporary food industry. This paper uses the Porters Five-Forces model to examine a restaurants competitive environment. Taking McDonalds as a case study, this paper discusses the threats and opportunities an expanding restaurant faces today and the advantages and disadvantages associated with its strategic moves. McDonalds is one of the most successful fast food chains of all time. Having achieved such a phenomenal success and expansion in a matter of much less than a century, McDonalds has a lot to passing game new and budding entrepreneurs in terms of mission, vision, strategic decision making, and ways to achieve success. The paper concludes with a set of recommendations for McDonalds that can help it even improve the pace of its success an d the quality of its products and

APPRAISE PERFORMANCE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

APPRAISE PERFORMANCE - Essay ExampleWhen only one person is involved in the process, the risks of impoverished objectivity and errors may compromise the delivery of good estimation report. When many people are involved, these risks are spread out and accuracy is consequently increased. agree to Jackson and Mathis (349), there are several errors that may arise in the process of performance appraisal, where the rating system is subjected to flaws. Some of these errors include application of alter errors, recency and primary effects, central tendency as well as stringency. The author explains that the effects of these errors to the final report are usually biased tuition on the performance of the employee. A more comprehensive report is obtained by use of different modes to avoid these errors as much as possible. Perhaps, understanding the reputation of the type of appraisal done by each of the above stated individuals could bring the topic of appraisal near to clarity.An apprais al done by managers on their juniors is a common mode of carrying out performance evaluation. Despite there being a general reluctance from the managers to carry out routine appraisals on their juniors, it is still the most appropriate mode for many organizations. One of the reasons why managers heavily criticize this type of appraisal is due to the fact observed above in that one person inadequacy still affects them. Alternatively, managers are employed by organizations to instill improvement through coaching, encouragement, guidance as well as motivation but rarely acting as a judge. Proactive managers always look for ways to improve performance and common notions surrounding the appraisal principle tend to confuse them (Jackson and Mathis, 352). Once completed, managers or supervisors appraisals need to be reviewed by a manager senior than the one doing the appraisal to give it effect.When it comes to employees themselves, they may be subjected to self assessments to assist manag ers in extracting

Intermediate Macro Writing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Intermediate Macro Writing - Assignment ExampleThis inefficiency and nuisance led to the cutpurse of several countries who had invested in financial institutions in the U.S, drowning their market commodities and share values and disrupting the entire stock and trade market with a series of sequential bailouts, buyouts, and collapses. (Havemann, The monetary Crisis of 2008, 2015)Of the most affected from this crisis emergence was China, with the most inappropriate exchange reserves held than required to withstand shocks. However it was found that countries that had accumulated large reserve assets sooner the crisis, such as China, are more likely to recover GDP growth after such global financial dilemmas. (Dominguez, Global Financial Crisis, 2011) here we shall investigate to see the cause and effects of this incident in China.China is famously seen as the engine of the world economy, emerging as (once a major(ip) contestant), now a renowned leading exporter and generous importer in the past two decades, with its GDP increasing from 1.7-9.5%, a high purchasing power parity (PPP) after market exchange valuation and trade ratios doubling every 4-5 years. Its commodities have the power to lower consumer prices hence having a great impact on prices of goods and services internationally, with exports share raised from 3-10% and worth approximately $1.5 trillion. Chinas super competitiveness has been achieved by its universal trade and business activities that led to its popularity, holding 20% subscribe of world platinum and 17% pallid. High rank and prosperity was experienced until the downfall of the financial crisis had dawned upon their hard work and achievement.With trillions of dollars worth investment in foreign reserves, accelerating trade surpluses and a two-digit growth rate in the initial months of 2008, China came under the tidal wave of the financial crisis by mid year as banks began

Law Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Law - Literature review ExampleThese researchers intend to suggest serious steps for helping families going through divorces by instruction execution results of their studies to legislators, authorities and the international figures.1In a research conducted by Kaslow2013the author showed that the rising number of divorce around the world are caused by a variety of economic, cultural and social factors that are negatively affecting the marriage institution. Various cultures all over the world has started to embrace divorce among the population and providing for the rights of the women and children in the divorce. Most of the legal and economic blunt all around the world is seen to be borne by the men in payment of court fees, alimony and maintenance.2In another research on the international family laws byBaarsma 2011 and in Stark 20133, it has been established that various countries founder enacted legislations and legal procedures to help the courts in the dispensation of divorce m atters. Some countries have also taken legal and social steps to help reduce the high rate of divorces in their countries. It has been suggested that governments should give consideration to the implementation of international laws on matters of personal status law together with local regulations and monitoring these laws effectively. The governments have been urged to provide information and counselling programmes on divorce and the equal rights and responsibilities of marriage.According to the Hague conventionality relating to the settlement of the conflicts of law and jurisdiction as regards to divorce and separation, a divorce can only be allowed if the national laws of a country where the divorce entreat is lodged allow for divorce, this has been modified by various states legislation to allow that a divorce can only be issued in the state where the marriage was celebrated. In Hodson, Blackburn &Hodson,

Short article about Glasgow School, Vienna Secession, & Werkbund Essay

Short article about Glasgow School, Vienna Secession, & Werkbund - Essay deterrent exampleVanderVelde stated that it was important for an artist to have individual expression which favors handmade crafts. One of the main views of individuals that favored handmade crafts was that it enables the preservation of skills among the conventioners. On the other hand, pickings an industrialized approach to crafts would eventually result in the loss of these traditional values. However, there is no denying the advantages that exist from machinery such as the precision in the design and accuracy of the fine detail. In addition, machines similarly provide the possibility to create designs faster.As mentioned above, the Werkbund was a group of individuals that believed in the combination of all aspects of art. I also shargon the same opinion as both handmade and machine made products have a role to play in the quality and carriage of the final product. However, I feel that machine made crafts have more advantages than handmade crafts. One of the individuals that prove this point is Peter Behrens who was one of the main contributors to the humanistic discipline movement in German. He was a firm believer of combining different aspects of art which gave his products an exceptional appearance and design. Behrens utilized different systems such as the grid and branding systems in his designs. In his views, architecture, furnishing and different objects were all coherent. Hence, this also illustrates the benefits of using different approaches towards creating a final product. As mentioned above, machine made crafts are more advantageous due to their accuracy and provide the designer with an accurate base that he or she can modify to improve the final products. However, many individuals that oppose industrialized design stated that it created repetitive and soulless end products. In addition, the machines took away the creativity and freedom that is associated with working wi th ones hands.However, regardless of the criticism, many artists such as

Comparing poems Essay Example for Free

Comparing poetrys EssaySalome turns out to be an evil and very disturbed character she gets delectation by be contributeing people. In this poem it turns out that Salome has removed a couple of(prenominal) other heads previously and she would doubtlessly do it again. She does not even know whos head it is that is next to her, but it seems like that she does not care at all. This makes her sound like a whore. As the maid walks in this makes her feel more comfortable and better for roughly reason. Hitcher The man seems really stressed and well-worn, and when he receives the phone call from his boss that is his final straw.He seems very jealous of the hitcher this is because he is free of stress and is a free spirit. He seems very frustrated. The Man He Killed This poem is very interesting. It turns out that they dont want to kill each(prenominal) other but because they are at war with each others country. One of them says youd treat if met where any bar is or help to half-a- crown. He is saying if I met you in any other circumstances I would gather in you to a bar and buy you a pint. My Last Duchess She is very very jealous, in fact she is so jealous that she wants to poison he and watch he die very slowly.She makes the poison sound like something that is rich and luxurious. Salome There is some alliteration on word of mouth 18-19 where the sound of maids clanging makes Salome happy. Throughout the poem the tone of it makes the poem sound like a young girl who is spoiled and self-indulgent. In this poem there are quite a few clichi s e. g. and aint life a bitch. Hitcher In this poem the first stanza has some typical rhymes which binds the poem together tired, fired, hired. Can you see the effect of this? He is tired and then his boss threatens to fire him then he hires a Vauxhall Astra.A lot of clichi s are used in this poems here are some examples The truth he said was blowin in the wind, or around the next bend. hed said he liked the breeze to run its fingers/ through his hair. The Man He Killed There are colloquialisms such as off-hand like which provide an earthy realism along with the rough sounding meter. The Laboratory This poem uses comfortableness irony. It also uses some alliteration here is an example Grind away, moisten and mash up thy paste and here is another example Brand, burn up, act into its grace-.It also has some ambiguity in it here is an example If it hurts her, beside, can it ever hurt me? . Salome The first verse describes how she is trying to figure out whose head is on the pillow next to here. The second verse describes how she started to feel less hangover when the maid rough in her breakfast. The third verse discusses how she is trying to pick the life of the booze and the fags and the sex. Then she decides to turf out the blighter from her bed. HitcherThis poem has five stanzas and a regular five line shape with the third line being the longest in all of them. If you look at each third line you will see some sort of a exemplar occurring. The shape of the stanza is very interesting. The Man He Killed This poem has a simple but formal structure of five short stanzas all rhyming ABAB. The choke tow stanzas remind the men that they could be friends if they met in any other situation. Stanzas two and three set out the qualifying circumstances that change everything for the mens dowry they are soldiers in opposing armies and therefore enemies.The laboratory The title in this poem gives us a big hint on where the scene takes place. The speaker unit is a woman she takes a lot of pleasure watching the procedure. In the second verse we cab see why the woman precious revenge, she wanted revenge because the speaker has been betrayed by her lover. In verse three she watches the apothecary at work and is fascinated by what he is doing. She is in no hurry. She takes pleasure in the preparation. This is better than dancing in the kings palace.

The Three Models Of Memory Essay Example for Free

The Three sit arounds Of Memory EssayMemory- Task 1Evaluate the advantage of the cardinal feigns of remembrance (multi-store model, working retentivity model and the levels of treat model) and discuss practical implications of memory research. Atkinson and Shiffrins Multi- store Model of Memory (1968) hypothesises that there are three stores for memory Sensory memory, short term memory (STM) and long term memory (long-term memory). The theory states that a memory passes through each of the stores and that the importance of the memory determines which store the memory is kept in and thus how long it is retained. This relatively simple model is supported by evidence from free recall experiments and from studies performed on patients with brain damage such as HM. An example of a free recall experiment is Murdock (1962) in which participants were shown lists, of differing lengths, of words for a period of one number, they were wherefore asked to recall as many words as pos sible. Murdock found that the words at the beginning, primary effect, and end, recency effect, were recalled more accurately than those in the middle. This is known as the serial position effect and proves that there are two separate stores from which the memories were recalled, which supports the multi-store memory models short and long memory stores. Studies on brain damaged patients deal HM (Milner et al, 1978), who began to suffer from anterograde amnesia after two of his hippocampi were removed in an operation, withal support the working memory models theory that STM and long-term memory are separate stores. HM was able to recall memories from eleven years before the operation yet wasnt able to cerebrate who was president of the United States and forgot who he was talking to as soon as he turned a federal agency (Jenni Ogden, PhD, 2012). It is argued as yet that the multi-store memory model oversimplifies the roles of the STM and LTM. Atkinson and Shiffren also failed to a cknowledge the interaction among stores something which Baddeley and Hitch (1974) dealt with in their Working Memory Model. The idea that simple tale accounts for the transfer of a memory from the STM to the LTM was also criticised as this doesnt shoot down into account important events for example a car accident. Events such as this seem to immediately be stored in LTM again this is dealt with by some other memory model, Craik and Lockheart (1972) Levels of Processing. The working memory model also fails to recognise memory improvement techniques, for example the method of loci which uses points on an imaginary journey as away of memorising particular items.Despite accurately theorising that the LTM and STM are separate stores the multi-store memory model fails to account for many instances in which the flow of memory doesnt follow the three store route and although accurate at the time, research has, over time, out dated it. In contrast Baddeley and Hitchs (1974) Working Memor y Model states that a Central Executive allocates resources and decides how attention is directed, although it doesnt have any capacity it does hold memory long enough to direct attention. An Episodic Buffer consequently integrates the information and is used as a general storage space for acoustic and opthalmic tips. The Phonological Loop holds and rehearses words and the Audio-Visual Sketchpad allows temporary holding of visual images. The intuitive Working Memory Model is far more complex than either the Multi-Store Model or the Levels of Processing and is high in face rigorousness. The hardihood of each section of the Working Memory Model is supported through various different experiments such as Baddeley and Lewiss (1981) study into the importance of the articulatory loop. By asking participants whether or not a sentence was conveyful, for example, the cow ate the grass or the bone ate the dog, under both normal conditions and when repeating something meaningless to stop them from using their articulatory loop. Doing this practicedly reduced recall in the latter results. This, Baddeley and Lewis claimed, supported their theory of a mien of an articulatory loop. In a study by Baddeley et al (1975) the phonological loop was shown to be capable of holding two seconds of information. Baddeley et al (1975) asked participants to recall quin words in correct order. What the experiment present was that it was the length of the word and not the discreetness that determined recall. except further studies have gone on to suggest that a determining factor is the time it takes to pronounce a word as opposed to its alphabetical length. James W. Stigler (1986) found in a study on digit memory in Chinese and English that children, used because they were less likely to have knowledge of memory improvement techniques, from china were more efficient at remembering numbers than their English speaking counterparts. This, Stigler theorises, is due to Chinese number s being shorter to pronounce. The visuospatial scratchpad, referred to sometimes as the inner affectionateness is what allows someone to remember shapes such as letters and visualise something that isnt there, for example, whether ornot your car would fit into a particular parking space. It can also allow us to hold static images and manipulate them, thus we are able to appreciate a layout of a particular area and find our way around (Psychology Resources, 2000). Logie (1995) argues that the visuo-spatial scratchpad is in fact far more complex and refers to it as the Visuo-spatial Working memory. This is supported by Baddeley and Lieberman (1980) whose pattern of results suggest that visuo-spatial working memory did thusly comprise a system that was involved in visuo-spatial retention, in visuo-spatial perception, and in motor control. The Working Memory Model is high in face validity and despite being far more complex than either the Multi- Store Model or Levels of Processing Mod el is reinforced by various experiments. These experiments distinctly present the different sections the Working Memory Model.It also takes into account things the other models do not, for example, the Working Memory Model allows for memory to pass directly into LTM without rehearsal, something Multi-Store and Levels of Processing do not, events that are traumatic or massively significant do not require rehearsal and this is something the Working Model addresses. As vigorous as this Baddeley and Lewiss model is highly applicable to real world situations, for example, Baddeley et al (1975) showed the word length effect, a real world counterpart would be attempting to remember a shopping list. The only criticism of The Working Memory Model is the lack of information in regards to the Central Executive, however further investigation is unavoidable to discover what its capacity actually is. It is theorised that many accidents are caused by its limited capacity and that information on its exact capacity may have serious implication for accident control (Psychology Resources, 2000). Craik and Lockharts (1975) Levels of Processing Model focuses on the processes involved in memory instead of the stores/ structures (McLeod, 2007). Craik and Lockhart (1975) took a non-structured approach to the memory model, this was as a result of the criticism garnered by Atkinson and Shiffrens earlier Working Memory Model.The chief idea behind the Levels of Processing Model is that memory is a result of processing information and that length of memory is determined by the importance of the information, something referred to as depth of processing. Craik defined depth as the meaningfulness extracted from thestimulus quite than in legal injury of the number of analyses performed upon it.Orthographic processing is the simplest way in which we process information and thus, according to the model, the one which retains the least memory, it is also referred to as shallow processing. T his when we consider the somatogenetic features of, for example, a word. Craik and Tulvig (1975) demonstrated this by asking is this word in capital letters? this requires you to only process the word physically. Similarly to the Multi-Store Model maintenance rehearsal is also required in order to retain memories the Levels of Processing Model deems shallow.Medium processing or phonological processing as its sometimes called is the second level of processing. This Craik and Lockhart hypothesise takes into account the acoustic value of a word, this they argue is deeper processing than orthographic because it requires you to process a sound instead of an image. Craik and Tulvig (1975) again demonstrated this by asking does this word rhyme with ? this activates your phonological processing as you have to process the word acoustically (Psychology Resource, 2000).The deepest level of processing is what Craik and Lockhart describe as semantic processing. Semantic processing is described by Robert Gallo as allowing subjects to encode more unique features from each word relative to surface processing . . . special conceptual or semantic features help to differentiate the studied items from each other, making these memories less susceptible to interference . . . . Semantic processing requires the use of meaning to process a word, Craig and Tulvig (1975) asked would this word fit into a sentence? Jane bought some for dinner in answering the question you would have to process the meaning.The basis of the model is quite simple, the more you process the memory, the more likely you are to remember it. merely the model fails to explain why this is the case, meaning the model is descriptive rather than explanatory. The model was the first to suggest that process used have an effect on memory and has had implications on memory improvement techniques, for example, the Method of Loci is the process of placing things at variouspoints of a journey in order to make them more me morable, this is semantic processing. What there isnt is a way in which processing can be measured, Baddeley (1978) points out that well remembered events are attributed as deeply processed however because of this the argument that deep processing equals better recall is circular and thus cannot be tested (Psychology Resource, 2000).Memory research is crucial in many areas and none more so than in Eyewitness testimony. This is a legal term that is a good deal used, and respected in a court of law. A jury can find eyewitness testimony a reliable source of information however research into memory has shown that it may not be as reliable as previously thought. Elizabeth Loftus theorises that memory under any circumstances is subject to inaccuracy and that there are many wrongful convictions every year as a result of faulty eyewitness testimony. Loftus et al. (1987) showed subjects of slides of a customer in a restaurant. In one version the customer was holding a gun, in the other the same person held a chequebook. Those who saw the gun version tended to focus on the gun. Thus they were less likely to identify the customer in a line-up as those who had seen the chequebook version. Clifford and Scott (1978) also supports Loftuss theory. They found after showing participants a scene of a violent attack that recall was less than a control group who saw something less stressful and were able to recall 40 items of information. However this gun focus theory has been challenged by Yuille and Cutshall (1986) who found that witnesses to a real shooting in Canada had remarkable accurate memories of the event. This contradicts both Loftus et al (1987) and Clifford and Scott (1978). This leads us to mean that memory recall in stressful situations can be subject to very different levels of interpretation. Where Loftus et al (1987) shows us clearly that people focus on, potentially the most shocking item. Yuille and Cutshall (1986) challenge that by using a real event to sho w some may be able to recall accurately. However this only goes to highlight the radical differences seen in eyewitness testimony.ReferencesJenni Ogden, Ph.D. (2012). HM, the Man with No Memory.

Nutrition and The Journey of Life Essay Example for Free

Nutrition and The Journey of Life EssayCaring for and fueling our bodies requires for the mother to micturate prenatal vitamins in order to meet us to keep a balanced nutrition. Just as our bodies The nutritional needs of the growing fetus. need the ripe(p) nutritions so does a embryo, futons and baby in order to grow and develop properly.Nutrition and pregnancy The mother must make good nutritionalThe maiden eight weeks after fertilization which choices such as eating foods such as the ones is known as the embryonic stage the embryo gets its illustrated above sooner then processed foods and nutrition from the lining of the uterus, but after week snacks that leave provide little nutrients, these good 9 of development the growing fetus will get its nutritional habits can be practiced after birth and oxygen and nutrients from the placenta. Can be taught to the baby.The fetus is growing everyday which requires a If the nutritional needs of the fetus are not met variety of nutr ients such as calcium, copper, folic acid, several health concerns may occur such as iron,vitamins A, B6, C, D and E. The demand for these Complications with fetal development, fetal size nutrients by the fetus will have to be met by having a organs, brain, and may ca habit a miscarriage and proper and Healthy diet, but it may also be necessary death of the infant and or mother.Post Birth Nutrition Additional nurtureFrom conception to birth the process of creating Having the proper knowledge of the nutritional baby requires a lot of energy and nutrient for the mother needs of the body beforehand conception and post and the developing fetus, after the birth of the baby the child birth is very important for the well being newborn will go to need nutrient in order to grow of the mother, fetus, and baby. The are several and develop. The baby will receive it nutrient from milk resources that people can use to learn more for the first year of its life so it is important to decide abo ut the nutritional needs of the mother and weather the baby will consume dresser mil or formula. fetus, listed below are some of these resources.Breast milk VS. Formula 1. Chosemyplate.gov Breast milk is the perfect food for babies it contains altogether 2. Medline Plus webpage and call center the nutrients that the baby will need to grow and 3. Baby center develop . Unlike formula breast milk contains properties 4. try out the advice of your doctor that protect against infections such as white blood cellsalso breast milk can pass on immune shots that the mothermay receive such as a flu shot. Formula are getting betterthrough he years to mach the ingredients found in breast milk such as DHA and ARA.ReferencesChoose my plate. (2016). Retrieved from http//www.choosemyplate.gov/pregnancy-breastfeeding/pregnancy-nutritional-needs.htmlGrosvendr, M., Gmolin, L. (2012). Visualizing Nutrition Everyday Choices (2nd ed.). Retrieved from .

Victim Within The Criminal Justice System Criminology Essay

Victim Within The Criminal Justice System Criminology EssayAn offender is an accused defendant who is convicted of a serious crime and who is impersonate to appear before the criminal court. There atomic number 18 37.2 offenders in total in Ireland. 38.1 of them argon male and 32 of them are female. There are 53.6% of multitude aged under 18 who commit crimes. 33.5% of offenders get community service and 39.3% are out on a type of probation do. The most impressive statistic was that 63% of offenders did not re-offend within two years.2A victim is some one and only(a) who has been harmed or affected by an offence caused by another person. Victims of violent crime whitethorn suffer financial stress as well as suffering from their injuries and emotional trauma. Recovering from violence or abuse potbelly have exertion on them for the rest of their lives as they could live in fear and suffer anxiety. Lots of people are shocked later on a crime and how they tonicity emotionally. T heses emotions can have many effects and can leave you feeling unhappy and confused. And this can also affect family and friends around you, your emotions can have an opposition on them as they will be concerned for you. Although many people feel that they have to be able to cope with this emotional burden and are expected to live out their daily lives as if nothing has happened, most victims will need counselling to come to terms with what has happened.3For this essay we have elect to talk about the victim as we think the victim suffers the most physically and emotionally. The victim of a crime can need counselling to booster them come to terms with their emotions and fears.DiscussionThere are many different ways a person can be a victim. Someone can be a victim for anything from a minor crime up to a major crime. Examples of where someone can be a victim are from theft, robbery, burglary, assault, dangerous driving, sexual offences, murder and manslaughter and human trafficking. 4In many cases of crime it is not just the victim that can be affected, their family can also be affected, more so in the major crime cases of dangerous driving, sexual offences, murder and manslaughter.As we previously mentioned, there are many types of victims when it comes to crime, and usually the persons place within, and there perspective of the criminal arbitrator system will change depending of the circumstances of each case. For example somebody pressing charges for something minor such as vandalism is going to expect far less drastic results than say somebody who has been the victim of shock. Also we noted that there was a staggering numerate of rape crime actually reported in this country, The Dublin Rape Crisis Centre recorded 11,839 calls to their helplines, with over 9,000 of them being genuine, so when we realised the problem that exists with rape in this country we decided we would use rape cases as the main focal point of our group paper.5Rape cases can differ a portion out from another type of case .For example while trials in general take place in public in our state, rape cases will be held in camera, so as to protect the victims anonymity. In some serious cases as well such as rape, arrangements may be made so that the accused does not have to appear in court along with the accused, and may instead be allowed to give demonstrate via a video middleman from another area of the courts.6In rape cases this would be of particular benefit to the victim, who due to the sensitive nature of the crime and the traumatic experience they have already been through may find the prospect of having to come face to face with their attackers in the courtroom too daunting and not be able for it. encompass the crimeThe victim should report the crime to the police as soon as the crime has occurred. When a victim reports a crime quite speedily after(prenominal) the crime has occurred it allows the police to gather any evidence that may fade over time. Pr ompt reporting will support the victims account of what happened. more victims of sexual assault are unsure whether they want a case to be prosecuted. Victims who are unsure about pursuit are advised to test information about guidance to befool an informed decision. For example, even if the victim is not ready to prosecute immediately after the crime, prosecuting attorneys have at least(prenominal) six years or more to file sexual assault charges. It is important to note that even if a crime is not immediately reported, that prosecution may still be possible. A delay in reporting is typical for safety reasons.7The role of a victim is extremely important in the Criminal justice system. They must go through a number of peaks in the criminal trial process in order to feel justice was served. The first stage is actually reporting the crime. This can be difficult for many as there are a number of doubts in their minds. such as trust in the gardai, recount the details etc. It esti mated in 2007 that about 30 per cent of burglaries were unreported, as were nearly four in 10 incidents of theft with violence. Offences of a sexual nature and domestic violence are grossly under-recorded8This is astonishing and very worrying for our criminal justice system.Preserve of evidenceIf a crime is reported, the police will gather and keep all of the evidence from the crime, which includes bloodstained clothing, bedding, weapons and constipation to property. The police will also take photographs of injuries, damage to property and also photographs of where the crime occurred. Photographs should also be taken of the victims injuries after the crime to show the stages of healing.TestifyIf the case proceeds to trial, victims should expect to testify.Adult victims attestation is less formal before the grand jury than in a courtroom setting. The grand Jury proceedings are private. Theyre one on one with the prosecutor and the victim. The Prosecutor asks the victim questions in order to get an understanding of the case. This testimony only lasts about an hour.Testifying at trial is more formal. The victim has to grasp outside the court room until it is her time to testify. The prosecutor will ask the victim questions first. Then the defence attorney scrutinizes the victim. The judges role is to also make sure that the questions asked by the attorneys are appropriate according to legal rules. There is no set time on the length of a trial testimony. The prosecutor will help the victim on preparing them for the types of questions that may be asked. The victim witness advocate will help the victim on ensuring the feelings that she may produce on testifying and helps to provide the victim with all the support that she may need in making it a less scary situation. Sometimes criminal prosecutions go in the favour of the victim as the offender may admit to everything. This means that the victim doesnt have to testify in court.Child Victims Young children are us ually asked questions by the Judge. The judge has to be content that the child understands the legal rules of a courtroom and the oath in which it is vital that he/she must articulate the truth. The courtroom can be a very scary place for a child this is why the judge ensures that the child can handle testifying.9 pressure chargesSome victims may personally know the suspect that committed the crime against them. Some may be related such as a stick and son relationship. In this case it is hard for the victims to choice between seeking justice and doing what is best for both the criminal and themselves.Going to courtThe next stage the victim goes through is the court case. This is undoubtedly the most daunting experience for the victim. Particularly for child abuse cases and rape cases. In the case of Frances Andrade, she subsequently killed herself after giving evidence in court. She said it felt like getting raped all over again. She was sexually abused by her music teacher when s he was in school. When it came around to giving evidence she felt that recounting the details in a court atmosphere was worse for her than the rape itself. Andrade killed herself the day after she heard her abuser giving his side of the story. However, some may say that by allowing the victim giving evidence they feel that they are participating in seeking justice for themselves.ConclusionWe have discussed in detail the role and perspective of the victim in the criminal justice system in order to seek justice. We as a group unanimously feel that the role of the victim in the criminal justice system is crucial for receiving the justice they deserve. From thick and indictable to serious offences, justice must be served in every case and the role and perspective of the victim is important in delivering justice.

Applications of Hard X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy

Applications of Hard X-ray Photo negatron SpectroscopyApplications of Hard X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy to protrude materialsJingru ChiABSTRACTX-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy is a powerful, relevant and non- cataclysmal method for studying atoms, molecules and surfaces 1. However, investigations be limited to atoms, molecules and surfaces since low competency electrons limit the discernment upshot, resulting in three-dimensional bulk state dischargenot be detected. Hard X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (HAXPES) with exalted kinetic energy photoelectrons uses excitation by X-ray of 2-15keV and a high energy analyzer which make it possible to measure bulk and determine bulk electronic structure properties of materials 2. The recoil effects of photoelectrons in valence mint states and core levels are the principal studies of HAXPES. In this paper, HAXPES uses undulator synchrotron X-rays at SPring-8. The results of high energy photoelectron spectroscopy of the valence soli difications and aesthesia of bulk have shown that the measured valence band spectra are indispensable in studying the bulk electronic structure.IntroductionThe Nobel Prize in 1981 was awarded to Kai Siegbahn for developing the method of Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical psychoanalysis (ESCA), now which is presented as X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). Since then, XPS becomes angiotensin-converting enzyme of the most useful and non-destructive techniques for analyzing the electronic structure of atoms, molecules and surfaces. In early studies, XPS uses Mo K (= 17.479keV), Cr K (= 5.417keV) or Cu K (= 8.047 keV) intemperately X-ray sources. Gradually it out of date with the discovery that lower energy soft X-rays such as the Mg K (= 1253.6eV) and Al K (= 1486.7eV) sources has the higher energy resolution 3. Reducing incident energy improved the surface sensitivity of XPS. However, soft X-rays source limits the depth resolution to 5nm for Angle-Resolved X-ray Photoelectron S pectroscopy (ARXPS) and 10nm for inelastic loss analysis 4, so it brooknot detect the deeply buried layers without destructive ways like ion sputtering and etching which are time-consuming and hard to control. In the last few years, the developments of new bright synchrotron photon sources, the availability of monochromators with a resolving power about 105, and electron analyzers which can analyze the 10 keV electrons with meV resolution have created the new possibilities for Hard X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (HAXPES) 5, which made it possible to analyze the bulk structure without using destructive methods.HAXPES has not been well-developed until the appearance of the third generation synchrotrons, which can generate high-brilliance, high-flux X-rays that enables one to perform experiments with the HAXPES in very low photoionization cross-section 1. As well the developments of electron analyzer with the high kinetic energy range also contributed to improve HAXPES measurements 6. The superiority of HAXPES is the considerable probing depth owing to the increased electron stand for free path 7, made it possible to detect the electronic structure of bulk materials. With the excitation energy of 8 keV, the escape energy can be greater than 90 1. With high kinetic energies of electrons, the coral level and the valence band can be detected in the bulk materials. According to these advantages, HAXPES is one of the best ways to perform sensitive photoemission spectroscopy on correlated organisations such as thin films, multilayer systems and devices 1. Several investigations on bulk materials have been reported. oneness is the measurement of the valence band of Co2Mn1xFexSi (x = 0, 0.5, 1) be insane by photons which have energy about 8 keV 8, 9. This experiment was the proof that the XPS with hard X-rays has better sensitivity on bulk electronic structure than the conventional XPS with soft X-rays.Fundamentals of HAXPESModel of photoionization using hard X- raysWhen use the conventional theoretical model to tell apart the photoemission, including the differential cross-section of photoionization for photon energies from 2 keV to 15 keV, the model based on the power series expansion of the electron-photon interaction operator cannot perfectly explain photoemission though just using a limited number of the terms of the expansion 2. However, a more complex expansion of the electron-photon interaction operator developed by Fujikawa 11, 12 contained all the electric dipole operators and other multipole terms can explain it well. These models indicate that contributions from electric quadrupole and magnetic dipole transitions cannot be ignored anymore when photoelectrons are arouse by high energy X-rays and beyond the electric dipole transitions 2.SystemsFig. 1. HEARP science laboratory system 10Thither are just so many kinds of HAXPES, here just introduce the HEARP Lab system. In this system, it needs the monochromatic X-ray source with 56 keV photon energies and the high energy electron analyzer with angular resolution capability for the measurements of takeoff angle dependence and X-ray photoelectron diffraction 10. To meet these requirements, HEARP uses the Cr K X-ray source, a wide acceptance objective lens, and a high energy version of VG SCIENTA R4000 analyzer 10, as it showed in Fig. 1.A Cr K X-ray source is shown in Fig. 2(a). The main body contains the pissing cooling system and Cr target. At the first, the monochromatic Cr K X-rays are emitted by a focused electron beam with the maximum quickening energy of 20keV, then X-rays go through the bent crystal monochromator with a 300mm Rowland circle and focus onto a sample surface 10, as schematically shown in Fig. 2(b). The X-ray spot size ranges from 1.5m to 200m by raster scanning of the electron beam 10.(b)(a)Fig. 2. X-ray source 10. (a) Photograph of UHV compatible brim mounted Cr K X-ray source 10. (b) Schematic diagram of X-ray source. The electron beam is focused on a water cooled Cr target 10 and it excite Cr K X-rays. Then it monochromatized by an elliptically bent Ge crystal with 422 reflection 10 and direct irradiated to the sample surface.The objective lens, as it shown in Fig. 3(a), is set in front of the analyzer. The angle acceptance of the lens is about 7, when it is combined with the VG SCIENTA R4000 10 KV hemispherical analyzer, the angle acceptance can achieve to 35 10. The magnification portion is 5, as well the magnification factor of analyzer input lens is 5, so the total magnification factor is 25 10, and the working distance is 11mm from the aperture 10.(a)Fig. 3PerformanceThe performance of HEARP system is evaluated by measuring Au 3d5/2 photoelectrons emitted from an Au strip. The total energy resolution is 0.53 eV 13. The result of the experiment showed the acceptance angle is 35 and a resolution less than 0.5 10. When it is provided with the objective lens, the acquisition time for the Au 3d spectrum exc ited by the same Cr K source is 16 min, which is seven times better than without the objective lens 10.Table 1 shows the differences in HEARP Lab system and HXPES at BL47XU beamline system.Table 1Comparison of HEARP Lab system with HXPES at BL47XU beamline system. They all have the same analyzer with the same pass energy of 200 eV. In the Lab system, it uses entrance slit of curved 0.8mm, beamline system uses curved 0.8mm. The X-ray excitation power is 45W (15 kW, 3.0 mA) 10.ApplicationsReferences1 Siham Ouardi, Gerhard H. Fecher, Claudia Felser, Bulk electronic structure examine by hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of the valence band The case of intermetallic compounds, ledger of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena, 190 (2013) 249267.2 Lszl Kvr, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy using hard X-rays, Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena, 178179 (2010) 241257.3 M. Taguchi, Y.Takata, A.Chainani, Hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy A few recent applicati ons, Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena 190 (2013) 242248.4 P. Risterucci, O. Renault, E. Martinez, B. Detlefs, V. Delaye, J. Zegenhagen, C. Gaumer, G. Grenet, and S. 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Nanotechnol. 3 (2005) 373.13 Kobata M,Ps I,Iwai H,Yamazu i H,Takahashi H,Suzuki M,Matsuda H,Daimon H,Kobayashi K., Development of the hard-X-ray angle resolved X-ray photoemission spectrometer for laboratory use, anal retentive Sci.26 (2010) 227-32.12. In Heusler thin films of Co2MnSi and Fig. 1 shows the thin films covered with MgO, SiOx and the protective layers with AlOx or Ru, the thickness of the MgO and SiOx layers are from 1 nm to 20 nm. When it is covered with AlOx layer,